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Download Species Interactions in Biological Communities
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Species Interactions in Biological Communities Community • Several different species interacting in the same geographic area • Types of Interactions • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis Interactions • 2 Types of Competition • Intra-specific Competition • Competition between organisms of the same species • Inter-specific Competition • Competition between organisms of different species Competition • Example of Inter-specific Competition • Competitive Exclusion • Two species so similar in requirements that the same resource limits both species’ growth & 1 species may succeed over the other • Paramecium Study Interactions • Predation • Interaction in which 1 organism eats another • Predator = Hunter • Prey = Hunted • Predator/Prey Adaptations * Camouflage * Hunt in pack * Acute senses * Mimicry * Body Modifications: • Claws, teeth, fangs, stingers * Chemical Defenses- Thorns, venom Physical adaptations Body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. © A. Weinberg Physical adaptation Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I’m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I’m the Monarch! Physical adaptation Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays) Physical adaptations Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up. Interactions • Symbiotic Relationships • Close interaction between species in which 1 of the species lives in or on the other • 3 Main Types • Parasitism • Parasite obtains its food at the expense of a host • Mutualism • Both organisms benefit from the relationship • Commensalism • 1 organism benefits while the other organism is neither harmed nor helped
