Download 26-2: CENTURIES OF TURMOIL

26-2: CENTURIES OF TURMOIL
By: T.j. Z updated by Mr.
Dougherty
Lesson Questions
•What changes did foreign invaders bring to the Middle
East?
•What were the strengths of the Ottoman Empire?
•Why were the Ottoman and Safavid empires rivals?
Vocabulary
• Crusade- a holy war
• Millet- non-Muslim communities
• Shah- kings
Foreign Invaders
• In about the year 1000, nomads from
Central Asia started overrunning the
Middle East
• The Seljuks, a Turkish-speaking people,
seized Baghdad in 1055
• In 1258 the Mongols, a horse-riding
warrior, captured Baghdad and then
destroyed it
• The carved portal of the Ince Minare Medrese (or school) at
Konya, Turkey. The Seljuk Turks began settling in the lands
of the Abbasid caliphate as early as the 10th century,
gaining control of the capital, Baghdad, in 1055. After a split
in the empire, the Seljuks remained in power in Anatolia,
with Konya as their capital. The calligraphy on the door of
this building shows Seljuk architecture and art in the 13th
century
Crusaders
• A third group then invaded the Middle East
from Europe
• Pope Urban II called for a crusade against
the Muslims
• Their goal was to capture Palestine,
known to them as the Holy City because
Jesus had live and died there
• In 1187 Saladin drove the Christians out of
Jerusalem
The First Crusade
Europe cringes at Bush 'crusade'
against terrorists
• President Bush's reference to a "crusade" against
terrorism, which passed almost unnoticed by Americans,
rang alarm bells in Europe. It raised fears that the
terrorist attacks could spark a 'clash of civilizations'
between Christians and Muslims, sowing fresh winds of
hatred and mistrust. His use of the word "crusade," said
Soheib Bensheikh, Grand Mufti of the mosque in
Marseille, France, "was most unfortunate", "It recalled
the barbarous and unjust military operations against the
Muslim world," by Christian knights, who launched
repeated attempts to capture Jerusalem over the course
of several hundred years.
• By Peter Ford, Staff writer of The Christian Science
Monitor / September 19, 2001
Saladin: A Noble Warrior
• The Muslims needed Saladin, a noble
knight, to unite them with Syria and Egypt
• He beat the Christians in an epic battle
1187 when the Christians ran out of
supplies and many died of thirst
• He was merciful and allowed the
Christians to buy their freedom or be
placed into captivity
A Crucial Battle for Saladin
Ottoman Empire
• Emerged in the early 1300’s in Anatolia
• Captured Constantinople in 1453 ending
the 1,000 year old Byzantine Empire
• Lasted for more than 500 years!
• Looked at people they conquered as
slaves
• Each local government had their own
millet
A map showing the rise of the Ottoman Empire from its origins
around 1300 A.D. to its greatest extent in the 16th century.
The Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I
• Ruled from 1520 to 1566. During his reign,
the Ottoman Empire became a world
power. He added territory to the empire eastern Europe, North Africa and the
Middle East. The people of the empire
experienced fair rule of law and religious
tolerance, and the arts flourished.
Suleiman Rules the Ottoman Empire
The Safavid Empire
• Emerged in about 1500 in what is today
Iran
• They reached their height under Abbas the
Great who was their ruler from 1587 to
1629
• He strongly encouraged trade and
commerce
• Were finally overthrown in 1736
• Shah Abbas I, also known as Abbas the Great, who ruled
Persia from 1587 to 1629. The greatest Safavid ruler,
Abbas reorganized and centralized the administration,
bringing rebellious outlying tribes under state control.
Roads, canals, and way stations (caravanserai) were
constructed, facilitating trade and commerce. His new
capital at Isfahan became an architectural wonder.
During his reign the Portuguese were expelled from the
Persian Gulf, and commercial treaties were made with
England and Holland.
THE END