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Lykourgos System of training Social structures. Emphasis on equality Spartan Upbringing: Disposal of defective newborns In packs from age 7 Spartan Upbringing: More militaristic training from age 20 Training of girls Living in a syssition (≈ mess) from age 20 Restrictions on movement Lakonia Peloponnese Free neighbours (perioikoi) Messenia Helots (effectively slaves) Spartan Government: Two kings Five ephoroi (sing. ephor) Gerousia (council of 30) Assembly of Spartan citizens Chilon (ephor in 556 BC) Issue of Dorian origins Diplomacy with careful military intervention (e.g. Athens in 510 BC) 546 BC Persians asserting control on east coast of Aegean 525 BC Persians take Egypt, move into N. Africa 514 BC Persians extend influence into Thrace and Macedon 506 BC Kleomenes of Sparta fails to take Athens 490s BC Quarrel between Kings Demaratus and Kleomenes of Sparta drives Demaratus to Persian court Peloponnesian League (Not including Argos) Plato (d. 348 BC), Republic Aristotle (384-322 BC) 367-347 BC Studies under Plato 342-c. 339 BC Tutor to Alexander the Great 335 BC Opens school at Athens 323 BC Flees to Chalcis Various works incl. Politics