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Transcript
Robert Hooke - 1665 Antonie von Leeuwenhoek -1675 Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolf Virchow 1. Living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. 4. Cells contain DNA which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells. Crossing the Membrane •CO2 •O2 •Small molecules Small molecules that can cross CM freely. Diffusion • Concentration gradient – different between concentration of one molecule in one area vs. another. • Diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient. Osmosis • In cells, osmosis is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane. Turgor Pressure vs. Plasmolysis Turgor Pressure vs. Plasmolysis Facilitated diffusion • Passive Transport • No energy required • Occurs “down” the concentration gradient • Diffusion & Osmosis are examples of passive transport • Facilitated diffusion makes use of carrier proteins Active Transport • • • • Moving against the concentration gradient Going from low concentration to high Energy is needed to transport molecules. Involves carrier proteins Bulk Transport • Many macromolecules are too large to be transported by carrier proteins. • They are transported in or out of the cell by means of vesicle formation
