Download Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function
Cell Theory
• There are three main elements
• 1. All living things are made up
of cells.
• 2. Cells are the smallest
working units of all living things.
• 3. All cells come from
preexisting cells through cell
division.
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Label your diagram first & then colour it in.
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes.
• Few internal
structures.
• One-celled
organisms
e.g. Bacteria.
More prokaryotic
cells
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes.
• Most living organisms.
Plant
Animal
“Typical” Animal Cells
10
“Typical” Plant Cell
11
Cell Parts
Common features of
all cells (organelles)
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of
cell that controls
movement in and out
of the cell.
• It is like a big plastic
bag with lots of tiny
holes.
Nucleus
• Acts like the ‘brain’ of the
cell.
• Separated from
cytoplasm by
nuclear membrane.
• Contains genetic
material - DNA.
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture.
• Surrounded by cell membrane.
• Contains hereditary material.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Acts as the ‘packaging
system’ of the cell.
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes.
• Rough type: ribosomes
embedded in surface.
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands.
• Protein builders of the cell.
• Can be found floating throughout the cell or
attached to the E.R.
Mitochondria
• Known as the ‘powerhouse’
of the cell.
• Acts like the digestive
system in that they take in
nutrients, break them down
and create energy for the
cell.
• Most of the chemical
reactions involved in
cellular respiration happen
here.
Golgi Apparatus
• A series of
membranes shaped
like pancakes.
• Protein 'packaging
plant'.
Lysosome
• Digestive 'factory' for proteins, fats and
carbohydrates.
• The hold enzymes created by the cell.
• Cell breaks down
if lysosome
explodes.
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal.
• Plants also use it to
store water.
• In plant cells, they are
much larger.