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CELL SPECIALISATION
Noadswood Science, 2012
Monday, May 22, 2017
Cell Specialisation
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To know how cells can be specialised to suit their function
Recap
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What parts of a cell are found within animal cells?
Animal cells:  Nucleus
 Cell membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria
 Ribosomes
Specialisation
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Can you think of any cells which are specialised? How are they specialised, and
for what reason?
Many organisms are multi-cellular - they are made up of lots of cells, not just
one!
Many of these cells are specialised, sharing out the life processes (they work
together as a team, supporting the organism)
Specialist cells occur in both animals and plants…
Examples
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Using the microscopes, have a look at some specialised cells
You do not need to write anything down, but see if you can identify what the
cell looks like, and come up with a reason as to why it is specialised - how, and
for what purpose?
Animal Cells
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The table below shows some specialised animal cells
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Using your sheet, draw out the cells which have been identified…
Animal Cell
Cell Diagram
Function
Specialisation
Red blood cells
To carry oxygen
Large surface area for oxygen
Haemoglobin which binds the oxygen
Lacks nucleus when mature
Nerve cell
To carry nerve impulses to different parts of the
body
Long
Connections at each end
Can carry electrical signals
Female
reproductive cell
To join with a male cell, and then to provide food
for the new cell that has formed
Large
Contains a large amount of cytoplasm
Male reproductive
cell
To reach the female cell in order to join with it
Long tail for swimming
Head which is able to penetrate the female cell
* Make the drawings as clear, and accurate as possible, including magnification
Plant Cells
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The table below shows some specialised plant cells
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Using your sheet, draw out the cells which have been identified…
Plant Cell
Cell Diagram
Function
Root hair cell
To absorb water and minerals
Leaf cell
To absorb sunlight (needed for
photosynthesis)
Specialisation
Large surface area
Large surface area
Many chloroplasts (containing chlorophyll,
needed for photosynthesis)
* Make the drawings as clear, and accurate as possible, including magnification
Bacteria
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What are bacteria?
Bacteria are single celled organisms – they do not have DNA in a
membrane bound nucleus and are termed prokaryotes (from the Greek
meaning before nucleus)
Their genetic material is in a long strand and is sometimes found in circles
called plasmids
Yeast
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What are yeast?
Yeast are a single-celled organism in the fungi kingdom, containing a
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall…
Cell Comparison
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Comparison of animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells…