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THE UNIVERSE Mr. Fatolitis Science Class By the time you are done with this lesson you should be able to describe the structure of the universe, including the scale of distances in the universe. OUR ADDRESS • Clearwater Fundamental Middle School – 1665 Palmetto Street • Clearwater –Florida »United States • Earth • Solar System • Milky Way Galaxy • Universe EARTH – Our Home Planet • Atmosphere contains gasses that animals need to breath. • Ozone molecules absorb radiation from our sun. • Certain gasses in the atmosphere keep temperatures warm enough for life to exist. THE SOLAR SYSTEM • Collection of small and large bodies that orbit our central star – The Sun • Planets are spherical bodies that orbit the Sun – Terrestrial planets • Mercury, Venus, Earth, and mars • Rocky, dense and relatively small – Gas planets • • • • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Gaseous atmospheres Small rocky core Ring system of ice, rock and dust STARS • A large celestial body composed of gas and emits light. • Most made of hydrogen and helium • Energy is made by nuclear fusion – Lighter elements bond to make heavier elements – Energy escapes as visible light, radiation, heat and wind. • Sizes vary from the size of the Earth to 1000 times larger than our Sun. GALAXIES • Large collection of stars, gas and dust that is held together by gravity. • Small galaxies (dwarf galaxies) may contain 100 million stars: Giant galaxies may contain hundreds of billion stars. • Spiral galaxies are shaped like a pinwheel. • Elliptical galaxies are shaped like ovals • Irregular galaxies are areas of star formation. How are distances in the universe measured? • A light year is the distance that light travels in one year. IT IS NOT A TIME, IT’S A DISTANCE!!! • Light travels through space at 300,000 km/s, or about 9.5 trillion km in one year. What is the structure of the UNIVERSE? • The universe is defined as space and all the energy in it. • Clusters are areas where galaxies are found. (several thousands) • Superclusters are areas of densely concentrated galaxies. (tens of thousands) • Areas where little matter exists are called voids.