Download The Trading Cities of Italy

Chapter 11 – The Renaissance
Section Notes
Video
Origins of the Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance
The Renaissance beyond Italy
The Renaissance
History Close-up
Florence
Maps
Routes of Marco Polo, 12711295
Major Trading Cities in
Renaissance Italy
Venetian Trade Routes
Images
Rebirth of Classical Ideas
Renaissance Art
The Genius of Leonardo
da Vinci
Don Quixote
Origins of the Renaissance
7.8.2
7.8.3
The Big Idea
The growth of wealthy trading cities in Italy led to a new era
called the Renaissance.
Main Ideas
• European trade with Asia increased in the 1300s.
• Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and competed against
each other.
• As Florence became a center for arts and learning, the
Renaissance began.
Main Idea 1:
European trade with Asia
increased in the 1300s.
After the end of the Black Death, the economy of Europe
began to grow again. Goods became available, people
bought more, and trade increased.
Trade with Asia
• In 120, the Mongols took over China. They made roads
safe again, including the Silk Road, a trade route between
Europe and China.
• Traders and travelers began to use the routes again. One
famous trader was Marco Polo and his family. Some of
their journeys went over the Silk Road.
• When the Polos arrived in China, they met the Mongol
emperor Kublai Khan.
•
Marco Polo and his family gained favor in the Chinese
court and took fabulous stories back to Italy.
Main Idea 2:
Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and
competed against each other.
By the 1300s northern Italy and its cities had become trading
centers. These cities played very important roles in trade.
The Trading Cities of Italy
• Four northern Italian cities became trading centers.
– Florence
– Genoa
– Milan
– Venice
• The cities of Milan and Florence were manufacturing
centers. Port cities on the Mediterranean Sea, where the
goods and services flowed, were Venice and Genoa.
• Milan produced weapons and silk. Florence was a center
for weaving wool into cloth.
• Wealthy families controlled the important cities of Italy.
T.W.P.S. #1
• Analyze manufacturing centers and
ports of Italy.
Main Idea 3:
As Florence became a center for arts and
learning, the Renaissance began.
• Trade goods from Asia poured into Europe. The merchant
families in Italy became very wealthy. The families wanted
everyone to see what they could buy with their wealth.
• Florence, Italy, helped begin the Renaissance because
Cosimo de’ Medici wanted it to be the most beautiful city
in the world.
• The love of art and education was a key feature of a time
we call the Renaissance, which means “rebirth.”
T.W.P.S. #2
• Can you asses the value or
importance of what “wealth” meant
to Italy, during this time?
The Medici Family
• Florence, Italy, was a trading town, and banking brought
even more money to the economy.
• The greatest bankers in Florence were the Medici family.
• The head of the family wanted Florence to be the most
beautiful city in the world, so he hired artists to decorate
his palace and architects to redo the buildings.
• He also improved education by building libraries and
collecting books.
• During the time the Medici family held power, Florence
became the center for Italian art, literature, and culture.
T.W.P.S. #3
• What facts would you select to show
the significance the Medici family had
on society?
Cornell Notes Summary
Summarize section 1 in at least 8
sentences. Remember to use Primary
and secondary questions to guide
this summary.
The Italian Renaissance
7.8.1
7.8.5
The Big Idea
New ways of thinking created a rebirth of the arts and
learning in Italy.
Main Ideas
• During the Italian Renaissance, people found new ways to
see the world.
• Italians writers contributed great works of literature.
• Italian art and artists were among the finest in the world.
• Science and education made advances during this time.
Main Idea 1:
During the Italian Renaissance, people found
new ways to see the world.
During the Middle Ages, people were concerned with learning
only about religion. By the 1300s, scholars began to study
subjects such as history, literature, public speaking, and art.
These subjects were called the humanities, and they led to
the thinking and learning known as humanism.
Rediscovering the Past
• The popularity of the humanities was due to a new
interest in ancient history.
• During the 1300s, when the Turks conquered much of the
Byzantine Empire, scholars fled to Europe and took great
works of literature with them.
• Many of the works were thought to be ancient classical
writings, works by Greek or Roman thinkers.
• Italian scholars wanted to revive subjects that the Greeks
and Romans had studied.
• Other sources of inspiration were Roman ruins and fine
classical statues.
T.W.P.S. #1
• What role did ancient histories play
in the development of humanities?
Main Idea 2:
Italian writers contributed
great works of literature.
Writers such as Dante Alighieri and Niccolo Machiavelli
contributed greatly to the Renaissance.
Dante and Machiavelli
• Dante’s major work was The Divine Comedy. Dante wrote
it in Italian, which was the vernacular, the common
language of the people.
– Described an imaginary journey through the afterlife
– Described many of the problems Dante saw in Italian
society
• Machiavelli wrote The Prince. He was also a politician, and
his book told leaders how to rule.
– Told politicians to focus on the “here and now,” not on
theories
T.W.P.S. #2
• How did “literature” of the time
reflect society?
Main Idea 3:
Italian art and artists were among the finest
in the world.
• During the Renaissance, Italian artists created some of the
most beautiful paintings and sculptures in the world.
Artists had the support of very wealthy families.
• New techniques, like perspective, made their work come
alive.
– Perspective is a method of showing a three-dimensional
scene on a flat surface so that it looks real.
Great Artists
• Sandro Botticelli was a painter from Florence. He painted
everything in fine detail.
• Titian, the finest artist of Venice, reflected his interest in
the past by painting scenes from classical myths.
• Michelangelo was one of the great Italian artists. He was
known as a master. He not only painted portraits but also
designed buildings, wrote poetry, and painted murals in
the Vatican.
• Leonardo da Vinci was the true genius of the Renaissance.
He was a great painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and
engineer.
T.W.P.S. #3
• How did new techniques change art,
and list how different artists
approached their works?
Main Idea 4:
Science and education made
advances during this time.
Many of the texts rediscovered in the 1300s dealt with
science. For the first time in centuries, Europeans could read
works by ancient scientists and make their own scientific
advances.
Science and Education
• Mathematics was believed to be the key to unlocking the
universe.
• Engineers and architects used math to design new
buildings.
• Astronomy was studied to learn more about the sun and
stars.
The Spread of Renaissance Ideas
During the Middle
Ages, students had
concentrated on
religious subjects.
During the
Renaissance,
students learned
about the
humanities as well.
Petrarch wrote
about the
importance of
knowing history.
Education and new
ways of spreading
information would
take the
Renaissance far
beyond Italy.
T.W.P.S. #4
• What “academic” subjects became
popular during this time?
The Renaissance Beyond Italy
7.8.4
7.8.5
The Big Idea
The Renaissance spread far beyond Italy and changed in the
process.
Main Ideas
• Paper, printing, and new universities led to the spread of
new ideas.
• The ideas of the Northern Renaissance differed from those
of the Italian Renaissance.
• Literature beyond Italy also thrived in the Renaissance.
Main Idea 1:
Paper, printing and new universities led
to the spread of new ideas.
Although travelers spread the ideas of the Renaissance, the
greatest method of communication was printing. The
invention of the printing press meant that books could be
made faster than ever before.
T.W.P.S. #1
• What new inventions helped spread
knowledge, and how did it
accomplish this?
The Spread of New Ideas
• Johann Gutenberg, a German man living in the mid1400s, developed a printing press with movable type. The
first printed book was a Bible. Books could be copied
faster with the printing press than by handwriting them.
• Students from around Europe traveled to Italy to study at
the universities.
• New universities began to open in France, Germany, and
the Netherlands.
• Women from noble families were often educated at home.
They then married nobles from around Europe and spread
the Renaissance ideas to their husbands’ lands.
T.W.P.S. #2
• List at least 2 ways the ideas of
“Renaissances” spread throughout
Europe?
Main Idea 2:
The ideas of the Northern Renaissance
differed from those of the
Italian Renaissance.
Northern scholars focused on the history of Christianity. The
resulting combination of humanist and religious ideas is
called Christian humanism.
T.W.P.S. #3
• How did the Northern Renaissance
differ from the Italian Renaissance?
Artists of the Northern Renaissance
• Northern artists painted in a realistic style and painted
primarily scenes of daily life.
• Albrecht Dürer was an artist from Germany who was
most famous for his prints.
– A print is a work of art reproduced from an original.
– He carved an image into a metal sheet or wooden
block, covered it in ink, and pressed a sheet of paper
down on it to transfer the image to the paper.
• Hans Holbein and Jan van Eyck were famous for their
painting of portraits.
– Van Eyck worked in oil paints, a new invention.
Main Idea 3:
Literature beyond Italy also thrived
in the Renaissance.
Writers in other countries besides Italy also included
Renaissance ideas. However, these writers wrote in their own
languages.
Cervantes and Shakespeare
• Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer who wrote
Don Quixote in his own language.
• William Shakespeare also wrote in his own language,
English. He wrote plays and poetry and is considered the
greatest writer in the English language.
• The works of both men have been translated into many
languages and read all over the world.
T.W.P.S. #4
• List similarities and differences in
“The Renaissance” art and literature
throughout Europe?
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