Download Study Guide for Exam 2 Chapter 12

Study Guide for Exam 2
Chapter 12
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From their structural or line-angle formulas, write names of alkenes and alkynes. This includes
cycloalkenes and compounds with more than one double bond. Where geometry is shown, identify
cis and trans isomers
From their names, draw condensed structural or line-angle formulas of alkenes and alkynes,
including types of compounds listed in the preceding item.
Know which alkenes exist as cis and trans isomers
Know the four addition reactions associated with alkenes: hydrohalogenation, hydration,
halogenation, and hydrogenation. For these reactions, know which ones are regioselective, and
which ones require a catalyst.
Be able to state Markovnikov’s rule, which of the addition reactions it applies to, and how the
stability of carbocations (3o, 2o, 1o) helps to explain it.
Chapter 13
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From their structural or line-angle formulas, write names of aromatic compounds, including those
with more than one substituent on the benzene ring, and those in which the benzene ring is
regarded as a substituent (phenyl ) group.
From their names, draw structural formulas of aromatic compounds including types of
compounds listed in the preceding item.
Know the names and structures for the following benzene derivitives: toluene, phenol, aniline,
anisole, benzoic acid, and benzaldehyde.
Be able to complete chemical equations for characteristic substitution reactions of benzene and its
derivitives (halogenations, sulfonation, and nitration), writing structures for reactants and/or
products when appropriate. Also, be able to predict if a reaction would happen or not, given the
reagents and/or catalysts for the reaction.
Know that phenols are anti-oxidants and that phenol is a weak acid, and thus, can neutralize a
base.
Chapter 14
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From their structural or line-angle formulas, write IUPAC and common names of alcohols and
thiols, and common names for ethers.
From their names, draw condensed structural or line-angle formulas of alcohols, thiols, and ethers
Describe the physical properties of alcohols, thiols, and ethers. Know the attractive forces between
these molecules, their relative strengths, and their effects on solubility in water and melting and
boiling points.
Be able to complete chemical equations for characteristic reactions of alcohols (acid-base,
dehydration, and oxidation) writing structures for reactants and/or products when appropriate.
Also, be able to predict if a reaction would happen or not, given the reagents and/or catalysts for
the reaction.
For oxidation reactions of alcohols, know when ketones, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids are formed
Know the oxidation / reduction reaction of a thiol (formation of disulfide bonds).