Download Plant Cell - Effingham County Schools

Plant Cell
Nucleus
• Control Center
• Contains nearly all DNA – instructions for making
proteins and other important molecules
• Surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane
• Key processes:
Controls metabolism of cell, control
Cell division, proteinsynthesis
Chromosome
• (The Data) … all the directions
• (DNA)
Nucleolus
• Nucleolus – small dense region inside nucleus.
Ribosomes are made here.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Transportation
• Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
– Covered in ribosomes (rough)
– Makes and transports proteins,
especially membrane proteins
• Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
– Synthesis (make) of membrane
lipids
– Contain enzymes that can
detoxify drugs – Liver has lots
of SER’s
Notice how the E.R. is
attached to the nucleus
…. Like the ‘hallways’
Smooth and Rough ER
Key process: Transportation of molecules
Ribosomes!
• Protein Factory
• Proteins are assembled on these organelles by
following coded instructions from the nucleus
Key process: Proteinsynthesis
Golgi Apparatus
• Packaging Center
• Modify, sort, and package proteins and other
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for
storage or secretion.
Key processes: Packaging and sorting of proteins
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Mitochondria
• Power House
• Convert chemical energy stored in food to a
form a cell can use (ATP) during the process of
cellular respiration.
• Contain own ‘Mitochondrial DNA’
• Has double membrane
Key process: Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
H2O +CO2 + ATP
Glucose
Oxygen
Water
Carbon dioxide
Energy
Chloroplast
• Food Factory
• Only in plants – Contains chlorophyll
• Captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical
energy by a process called photosynthesis
Glucose
• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Key process: Photosynthesis
Plastids - Chloroplasts,
Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts
• Chromoplasts
contain pigments that
give flowers, fruit and autumn leaves
their orange, yellow and red colors.
•Leucoplasts store starch and other
molecules for the cell. Many in potato
cells.
Process - Storage
Mitochondria/Chloroplasts
• These two utilize energy from food and the sun
respectively and convert it into energy the cell can
use.
Process = support
Cytoskeleton
• Cell Framework
• A network of protein filaments
that helps the cell to maintain its
shape (microtubules, microfilaments)
• Storage Facility
Vacuoles
• Plants have big vacuoles
• Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
• In plants, there is a large vacuole which helps with
maintaining pressure (turgor pressure) Support
Process – Storage and Support
Cell boundaries aka cell membrane
• Cell membrane regulates what enters/leaves the cell.
Process - Osmosis
Process = Support
and protection
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•
•
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Cell Wall
Castle Wall
Only in Plant Cells
Provides support and protection for cell
Mostly made of cellulose
– Cellulose is the key component of wood and paper
Cytoplasm
Key process = Metabolism – all the
chemical reactions that take place in the
cell.
Jelly like substance that contains the
organelles.