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LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLIDES 1-1 TO 1-23 • renaissance UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does challenging the status quo lead to disunity and transformation? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the ideals of the Renaissance and how did Italian artists and writers reflect these ideals? • European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600 • Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe. • Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Renaissance—an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought Northern Italy 1300-1600AD • What is Humanism? Classics Lead to Humanism Humanism—intellectual movement focused on human achievements Humanists studied classical texts, history, literature, philosophy • How did the Renaissance Revolutionizes Artistic Styles Change Realistic style copied from classical art, often portray religious subjects Painters use perspective—a way to show three dimensions on a canvas Realistic Painting and Sculpture • Patrons of the Arts Patron—a financial supporter of artists Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities Wealthy merchants also patrons of the arts. • WHAT IS A RENNAISANCE MAN Excels in many fields: the classics, art, politics, combat Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528) The book how to be a “universal” person • How did Renaissance Writers Change Literature? Writers use the vernacular—native language Pre- Renaissance writer Dante Alighieri writes “Divine Comedy” Self-expression or to portray individuality of the subject is key. • Machiavelli Advises Rulers Niccolò Machiavelli, author of political guidebook, The Prince examines how rulers can gain and keep power LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the ideals of the Renaissance and how did Italian artists and writers reflect these ideals? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the Renaissance develop in Northern Europe? • The Northern Renaissance In the 1400s, the ideas of the Italian Renaissance begin to spread to Northern Europe. • Renaissance Italy impresses visitors from northern Europe • When Hundred Years’ War ends (1453), cities grow rapidly • Merchants in northern cities grow wealthy and sponsor artists England and France unify under strong monarchs are art patrons Northern Renaissance artists interested in realism Humanists interested in social reform based on Judeo-Christian values • Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas Gutenberg Improves the Printing Process Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg of Germany develops printing press Printing press allows for quick, cheap book production First book printed with movable type, Gutenberg Bible (1455) • What is Legacy of the Renaissance? 1. Changes in the Arts 2. Art influenced by classical Greece and Rome 3. Realistic portrayals of individuals and nature 4. Art is both secular and religious 5. Writers use vernacular LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLIDES 1-1 TO 1-23 6. Art praises individual achievement • Changes in Society 1. Printing makes information widely available 2. Illiterate people benefit by having books read to them 3. Published accounts of maps and charts lead to more discoveries 4. Published legal proceedings make rights clearer to people 5. Political structures and religious practices are questioned LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP 1-24 TO 1-46 UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does challenging the status quo lead to disunity and transformation? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did revolts against the Roman Catholic Church affect European society and how did this bring about two different religious paths? REFORMATION 95 THESIS Martin Luther’s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church lead to the founding of Protestant churches. READ ML TO CLASS ISSUES CONNECTED WITH LUTHER Some princes side with Luther, become known as Protestants Charles V fails to return rebellious princes to Catholic Church Peace of Augsburg (1555)—each prince can decide religion of his state Consequences of Henry’s Changes Henry has six wives and three children Religious turmoil follows Henry’s death (1547) Protestantism under King Edward, then Catholicism under Queen Mary The Reformation Continues As Protestant reformers divide over beliefs, the Catholic Church makes reforms. The Catholic Reformation A Counter Reformation Catholic Reformation—seeks to reform Catholic Church from within Ignatius of Loyola Leading Catholic reformer His Spiritual Exercises (1522) calls for meditation, prayer, and study Pope creates Society of Jesus religious order, the Jesuits Jesuits follow Ignatius, start schools, and convert non-Christians Reforming Popes Pope Paul III and Pope Paul IV lead reforms Paul III calls Council of Trent to lay out reforms: Church’s interpretation of Bible is final Christians need faith and good works for salvation Bible and Church traditions equally important Indulgences are valid expressions of faith Use Inquisition to seek out heresy Paul IV issues Index of Forbidden Books (1559); books burned The Legacy of the Reformation Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation Catholic Church is unified; Protestant denominations grow Catholics and Protestants create schools throughout Europe Status of women does not improve Political Effects of the Reformation Catholic Church’s power lessens, power of monarchs and states grow. Reformation’s questioning of beliefs brings intellectual growth. Late 18th century sees a new intellectual movement— the Enlightenment. TO SUM UP WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW… In the 1500s, the Renaissance in northern Europe sparked a religious upheaval. Northern European calls for church reform eventually unleashed forces that would shatter Christian unity. This movement is known as the Protestant Reformation. In 1517, a priest named Johann Tetzel sold indulgences to raise money for the rebuilding of a cathedral. READINGS 1. MICHAELANGELO 2. LEONARDO JOHN GREEN RENN LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLIDES 2-1 TO 2-15 • GALILEO VIEWPOINTS UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What impact can new discoveries have on the way people think and live? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did new discoveries in science lead to new ways of thinking in Europe? • Cogito ergo sum • The Roots of Modern Science In the mid-1500s, scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation. • A New Way of Thinking Renaissance prompts new ways of thinking (1300–1600) Scientific Revolution —based on observation, inquiry. New discoveries, overseas exploration open up Thinking. Scholars make new developments in astronomy, Mathematics. • The Heliocentric Theory Geocentric theory challenged as inaccurate. Copernicus develops heliocentric theory —planets revolve around sun. Later scientists mathematically prove Copernicus to be correct. • Galileo’s Discoveries Galileo Galilei key advances in astronomy-makes discovery about planet surfaces, supports heliocentric theory • Conflict with the Church Church attacks Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken people’s faith Pope forces Galileo to declare his and other new findings are wrong Scientific Method using observation and experimentation becomes the norm. People like: Galileo, Newton, Descartes and Copernicus embrace this new method. • ISAAC NETWON READING • Isaac Newton (Man of The Millenium) Rap - YouTube READING: 1. GALILEO 2. NEWTON LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did new discoveries in science lead to new ways of thinking in Europe? • CLASSWORK RSG • P130 Q1-2 • P134 Q1-2 • P138 Q1-2 • P144 Q1-2 • P146 Q1-2 LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLIDES 3-1 TO 3-7 UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does entitlement influence the process of cultural diffusion? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the search for spices lead to exploration? How did the voyages of European explorers lead to new economic systems in Europe and its colonies? CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS CLASS WORK use PEP FOR QUESTIONS: READ: P260-264 CHECK POINT P260 CHECKPOINT P262 INFOGRAPHIC P262-263 Q 1-2 CHECKPOINT P264 CHECKPOINT P265 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION “To serve God and His majesty to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire.”Bartholomew Dias Portuguese explorer Portugal leads the way LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLIDES 3-8 TO 3-17 Early 1500s Portugal set up a massive trade network through the Indian Ocean. 1510 Alfonzo de Albuquerque took control of the Moluccas and broke the domination of the Italian-Muslim control of spice. Spain gets into the act 1492 Columbus discovers new world. The impact increased tensions between Spain and Portugal. 1493 the Pope Alexander VI steps in and stops a war between the countries with the Treaty of Tordesillas which set up a boundary North to South History of the Holidays: Columbus Day - YouTube COLUMBUS AND BIAS ACTIVITY (OPTIONAL) READING ON MAGELLAN NO QS 1519 Ferdinand Magellan attempted to find way from Europe through Indies to Asia. One ship ‘VICTORIA’ made it but Magellan didn’t. Animaniacs - Ballad of Magellan - YouTube LEC NOTES RENN, NORTHERN RENN, REFORM, SCI REV AND EXP SLDIES 3-18 TO 3-35 READING ON MAGELLAN NO QS 1519 Ferdinand Magellan attempted to find way from Europe through Indies to Asia. One ship ‘VICTORIA’ made it but Magellan didn’t. Animaniacs - Ballad of Magellan - YouTube To take Americas Conquistador’s- adventurers in service of Spain come to Americas. EX. Hernan Cortez- Aztecs and Maya Francisco Pissarro- Inca Ponce De Leon- Florida and SW AMERICA THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE England 1600 English and Dutch: Dutch fleet of 20000 ships by 1600. England and the Netherlands (Dutch) battled for control of Asian region and pushed out the Portuguese. Companies to establish trade in area: British called East India Company Dutch called Dutch East India Company Throughout 1600s Dutch gained more and more control over Indian Ocean. Took Moluccas and all of Indian Ocean trade. 1700 French get into the act and British step in but never do more than take port areas in Asia. Chinese and Japanese never allow Western culture to spread into their countries. Mercantilism 1600s-1800s based on the premise that national wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and collecting precious metals in return. READING FROM TEXT AND NOTES P308-309 “MERCANTILISM ARISES” China Limited European contact. Only Government traded with Europeans. Still the Europeans managed to slip in Christianity Japan Portuguese shipwreck landed on Japanese coast. Japanese ended up trading with them for goods including muskets and cannons. 1549 Christian missionaries come in have a lot success. Too much in fact and end up getting banned by 1600s. From1600s- 1800s Japan basically remained isolated from Europe and the rest of the world. P299 QUESTIONS 2-3 P302-303 QUESTIONS 1-2 P310-311 QUESTIONS 1-2 UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How does entitlement influence the process of cultural diffusion? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the search for spices lead to exploration? How did the voyages of European explorers lead to new economic systems in Europe and its colonies? TO SUM UP… This slide also answers question 74.
