Download Operating Systems - Metcalfe County Schools

Operating Systems
Networking for Home and Small Businesses –
Chapter 2 – Introduction To Networking
Purpose of an Operating System
• Operating system – allows communication
between applications and hardware
• Operating system loaded into RAM at startup
– Parts of an OS
• kernel – communicates with hardware
• shell – works with the application
Purpose of an Operating System
• Types of user interfaces & ways to interact within an
OS
– CLI (Command Line Interface) Windows button &
type command prompt
• user enters commands at the prompt
• DOS
Operating System
Purpose of an Operating System
• Operating System Requirements & Resource
Specifications To Ensure The OS Works.
How to select an Operating System
• Does it support user
requirements(applications)?
• How Much $$$ does the OS require?
• Can The IT Staff Support the OS?
• Does the computers meet hardware
requirements?
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Amount of RAM needed
Hard drive space required
Processor type and speed
Video resolutions
Operating System Poster Design
• Design an informative poster(printer paper size)
over an operating system. The poster should
help the average computer user better
understand the features, cost and the system
requirements of the OS. Pictures and logo’s that
relate to the selected Operating System should
be included within the poster. Use color within
the poster to make items stand out to the viewer.
Installation of an Operating System
• Installation Methods
• Clean install – everything new
– new system or no upgrade or damaged OS
• Upgrade
– replace old OS with new
• Multiboot –such as 2000 and XP
– more than one OS on a PC
– set up different partitions
• Virtualization
– used for servers
– allows multiple copies to be run
Installation of an Operating System
• Complete a pre-installation checklist for installing an operating system
▫ 1. Verify that all hardware is certified to work with the selected
OS.
▫ 2. Verify that the hardware resources meet or exceed the
published minimum requirements.
▫ 3. Confirm that the appropriate installation medium is available.
Usually DVD or CD
▫ 4. If the OS is to be installed on a system that already contains
data: (a) Use system diagnostic tools and utilities to ensure the
current OS installation is in good condition, free of malicious or
damaging files and codes; (b) Complete a full backup of all
important files.
▫ 5. If performing a clean-install, verify that all application
software is available for installation.
Installation of an Operating System
6. Determine The Partition Structure-Where do I
want to store my OS and Data
-Partitions are necessary in Multi-boot systems
-Hard Drives can be divided into OS and Data
partitions
7. Determine file system
– method OS uses to keep track of files
– FAT 16/32, NTFS(used for most businesses)
• Now begin the OS Install
Installation of an Operating System
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After the OS is installed
Prepare your computer to participate in the network
Must have a NIC
Must have the following to send and receive in a
network
– IP (Internet Protocol)
• identifies the computer on the network
– Subnet Mask
• identifies network on which the computer is connected
– Default gateway
• identifies the device that allows local network computers
to communicate with devices on other networks
Installation of an Operating System
• Types of network configurations
• Manual
– entered into the computer by the administrator(one
PC at a time)
– static addressing
• Dynamic
– requests configuration information from a DHCP
server
Installation of an Operating System
• Naming scheme
The computer name
must be unique for all
computers on the
same network.
Make names mean
something.
MCHS-RM-6-01
School, Room, Comp #
Installation of an Operating System
• Multiple devices on a network.
In a network environment 2 items must be unique
for everything to work together.
1) Computer Name
2) IP Address
Operating System Maintenance
• Describe the purpose of a patch
– a piece of code that can correct a problem or
enhance the functionality **Try a patch before a
re-install**
• Identify when a patch should be applied
– Automatic Installation
• updates scheduled to occur during times when PC
is not in use(you pick the time)
– Prompt for Permission
• notifies end user when patch is available
• user decides whether or not to download it
– Manual
• primarily used for service packs
Operating System Maintenance
• Identify sources of Applications patches. If an
application is not acting correcting look for
specific patches for that application first, then
look at the OS or Computer.