Download Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization
1. Organism
2. Population
 A group of individuals
that
are the same species, live in
the same area and breed with
others in the group
Levels of Organization
3. Community
 Different populations
that live together in a
defined area
4. Ecosystem
 All the organisms that
live in a particular area
together with their
nonliving environment
Levels of Organization
5. Biome
Group of ecosystems
that have the same
climate and dominant
communities
6. Biosphere
Part of the earth in
which all life exists
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Individual
What Shapes an Ecosystem?
• Ecosystems are influenced by biological
and physical factors
Biotic Factors
living organisms in a habitat
includes birds, bacteria, mushrooms, plants, etc
Abiotic Factors
Physical or nonliving factors
Includes temperature, water, soil, weather
What Shapes an Ecosystem?
• Habitat
The place where a particular species lives
• Niche
The role an organism plays in an ecosystem
Includes:
• How it meets its need for food and shelter
• How it survives
• How it reproduces
Habitat – “address”
Niche – “occupation” or “job”
Habitats & Niches – Tree Stump
Earthworm obtains
nutrients from
organic material it
eats
Centipede
captures
and eats
beetles
Habitats & Niches – Forest Litter
Scavenges dead
animals
Scavenges dead
plants
Community Interactions
• Competition and
predation are two
important ways in
which organisms
interact.
• Competition occurs
when two
organisms fight for
the same limited
resource.
• Predation
– occurs when one organism captures and eats another.
Community Interactions
Symbiosis
 2 or more species that live together in a close
association or relationship
 Examples include:
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
Community Interactions
Mutualism
Relationship in which both organisms benefit
Community Interactions
Commensalism
Relationship in which one benefits while the
other is neither helped nor harmed
ØHuman Our eyelashes are
Commensalism
home to tiny mites
that feast on oil secretions
and dead skin. Without
harming us, up to 20 mites
may be living in one eyelash
follicle.
Ø
+
Organism is not affected
+
Organism benefits
Demodicids Eyelash mites find
all they need to survive in the
tiny follicles
of eyelashes. Magnified here
225 times, these creatures
measure 0.4 mm in length and
can be seen only with a
microscope.
Community Interactions
Parasitism
Relationship in which one benefits while the
other harmed
0
Parasitism
+
_
Hornworm caterpillar
The host hornworm
will eventually die as
its organs are
consumed
by wasp larvae.
_
Organism is not affected
0
Braconid wasp
Braconid larvae
feed on their
host and release
themselves
shortly before
reaching
the pupae stage
of development.
Organism benefits
Observing and Inferring From the data, it is clear that the association
between the organisms is
a. commensalismc. mutualism
b. parasitism
d. socialism