Download Bands Review for exams

Word
a cappella
a tempo
accelerando
accent
accidentals
al coda
al fine
al segno
all’ ottava
allargando
articulation
bar
bar line
beam
beat
brio
cadence
calore
caesura
cantabile
capo
chaconne
chromatic scale
clef
coda
come prima
common time
comp
con
concert pitch
crescendo
cut time
da capo
da capo al coda
da capo al fine
dal segno
dal segno al coda
dal sengo al fine
REVIEW MATERIALS for Concert Band/Jazz Band
Definition
Without accompaniment
Return to the original tempo
Becoming gradually faster
Emphasize the note
Sharps, flats, double flats, double sharps, naturals used to raise, lower or return a
note to its normal pitch
To the coda
To the end
Go to the sign
Play the selection up an octave 8va
Becoming slower and broader
The manner in which notes are performed
A measure
A vertical line that divides measures or bars
The horizontal line that connects groups of eight notes, sixteenth notes, thirtysecond notes etc in place of flags
Unit of measure in rhythmic time
Vigor, spirit
The melodic or harmonic ending of a phrase, section, movement or composition
Passion, warmth
A symbol // indicating a sudden pause in the music
Song like or singing. May be seen as (cant./cantando/canta, etc)
The head or beginning of a piece
A continuous set of variations based on a repeating harmonic progression. It is
very similar to a passacaglia
A scale composed of all twelve half steps of an ocatve
The symbol written at the beginning of a staff that indicates which notes are
represented by which lines and spaces
The end section or movement of a piece
As before. In reference to tempo
4/4 meter. The time signature used is C
Short for accompany
With
The sounding pitch of an instrument as opposed to a written pitch.
Gradually becoming louder
2/2 time signature
From the head or from the beginning. Go back to the beginning. DC
Go back to the beginning of the piece and play to the "To Coda" indication, then
skip to the Coda section. DC al Coda
Go back to the beginning of the piece and play to the "Fine" which is the end of the
piece. DC al Fine
Go back and play from the sign. D.S
Go back to the DS and play to the "To Coda" indication then skip to the Coda
section DS al Coda
Go back to the DS and play to the "Fine" section which is the end of the piece. DS
al Fine
deciso
decrescendo
diatonic
diminuendo
divisi
dolce
doloroso
dot
double bar
double flat
double sharp
duple meter
dynamic markings
embouchure
enharmonic
ensemble
entr'acte
espressivo
expression marks
F Clef
fermata
flag
flat
frequency
G Clef
gavotte
glissando
grace note
grand pause
grand staff
grandioso
grazioso
grosso
guiro
gusto
harmony
improvisation
intermezzo
interpretation
interval
intonation
Decided, bold with decision
To gradually get softer
Notes found within a major or minor scale
Gradually becoming softer
Divided. Indicates that when two or more parts are written on one staff, they are
to be played by separate performers
Sweet
Sorrowful, grieved
A dot after a note adds ½ the note’s value to its duration.
Two vertical lines drawn through the staff that indicate the end of a section
The symbol that lowers the pitch of a note two half steps or one whole step
The symbol that raises the pitch of a note two half steps or one whole step
A time signature with two beats to the measure
The symbols that indicate varying degrees of volume
The position and shape of the mouth and lips of a wind player
Two notes that sound the same but are spelled differently. Ex. Bb and A#
A group of musicians playing together
An instrumental piece performed between acts of a play, opera or ballet
Expressive
Words or symbols that indicate how a piece should be interpreted, ie.
Articulations, dynamics, tempo, etc
Bass clef
A hold or pause sign that indicates a note should be held for longer then its
normal duration
A hook that, when placed on the stem of a note, indicates an eight note. Two flags
indicate a sixteenth etc
Lowers a note a half step
The pitch of a sound determined by the number of vibrations per second that are
created by a given tone
Treble clef
A French dance of the 17th century in duple meter that begins on the upbeat. Also
a dance movement
To slide from one note to another
A small note played quickly before the beat
A rest for all performers in an ensemble
The combination of the bass and treble staves
Grand, majestic
grace
Great, Large
A percussion instrument consisting of a notched gourd which is scraped by a stick
Style, zest
The result produced when tones are sounded simultaneously
Music that is created spontaneously
A short lyrical piece either part of a larger work or as an independent composition
Aspects of a performance that come from a performer rather than the composer
The distance in pitch between two notes
Playing or singing in tune with other performers
intrada
introduction
jubiloso
key
key signature
largamente
largando
ledger lines
legato
leggiero
libretto
ligature
l'istesso
lunga
lyre
major scale
marcato
marcia
measure
medley
meno
melody
meter
mezzo
molto
mosso
motive
moto
music
mute
natural
Niente
nocturne
note
nuance
ottava bassa
passacaglia
passage
pesante
phrase
phrasing
piú
poco
poco a poco
primo
pulse
quadruple meter
An introduction or opening movement
A section at the beginning of a piece or movement that is preparatory. Often slow
Jubilant
The tonal center of the piece
The group of flats or sharps at the beginning of a staff indicating the key
Broadly, largely
Gradually slowing down
Short horizontal lines used to extend a staff either higher or lower
To play or sing groups of notes smoothly and without separate attacks
Light, delicate
The words or text of an opera, oratorio or musical
An adjustable band that holds a reed to the mouthpiece on clarinets and
saxophones
The same
long
An attachment to an instrument to hold music while marching
A scaled made up of 2 whole steps, 1 half step, 3 whole steps and 1 half step.
Accented, stressed.
March
The notes and rests between two bar lines
An arrangement that links together two or more popular songs
Less
A succession of single notes
The pattern of beats by which a piece of music is measured
Half, moderately, medium
Very
Moved
A short melodic or rhythmic figure that recurs throughout a composition
Motion
Organized sound
A device added to an instrument to soften or muffle its tone
The symbol that indicates a note is neither sharp or flat
Nothing, silence
A romantic piece in a melancholy mood
The symbols used to notate music
Subtle changes in musical expression including dynamic, phrasing and tempo
Play the notes down and octave 8va bassa or 8vb
A continuous set of variations based on a repeating bass line
A section of a composition
Heavy
A complete musical idea
The shaping of a melodic line
More
Little
Little by little
First
A beat
A time signature with four beats to the measure
rallentando
recessional
resonance
rest
retardation
rhythm
rinforzando
ritardando
ritenuto
rubato
scherzo
segue
sempre
Senza
serenade
serenata
sharp
simile
slur
soli
sord
sostenuto
staccatissimo
staccato
Becoming gradually slower
A piece played during an exit of individuals
The transfer of vibrations from one object to another
Silence and symbols that indicate silence
Slowing gradually
The organization of music in time using long and short notes
1. Stressed 2. Suddenly loud, abbreviated (rinf. / rf / rfz)
Becoming gradually slower
Held back, becoming slower immediately
To perform with a free, flexible tempo, tastefully slowing down and speeding up
at the discretion of the performer
A movement of symphonies, sonatas and quartets in a quick triple meter
To play the following movement or section without a break
always
Without
A light vocal or instrumental composition
A serenade
A symbol that raises a note a half step #
Continue to play in the same style
A curved line above or below two or more notes that indicates they are to be
played legato
To play a solo in unison with others
Mute
Sustained
As staccato as possible
Short detached
tacet
tempo
Be silent. Do not play the current movement
The speed of a section of a composition or the speed of a complete composition
tenuto
To hold a note for its full value
texture
The instrumentation of a composition: light texture few instruments, heavy texture
many instruments
The main musical idea, usually a melody of a composition
Curved line that joins two or more notes of the same pitch that lasts the duration
of the combined notes
Tone color or quality
A sign placed after the clef and key signature at the beginning of a piece of music
that indicates the meter of the piece
A pitch
To use the tongue to articulate on wind instruments
To change a composition from one key to another
A time signature with three beats to the measure
Three notes played in the time of two notes of the same value
1. melody 2. To adjust the pitch of an instrument
To match the pitch of an instrument to a standard pitch of another instrument
All play. Usually placed at the end of an extended solo passage when the entire
ensemble enters
A little
theme
tie
timbre
time signature
tone
tonguing
transpose
triple meter
triplet
tune
tuning
tutti
un poco
unison
vibration
vibrato
vivace
volume
Two or more performers sounding the same note or melody
The rapid movement of an object that results in creating a tone
A rapid fluctuation of pitch slightly higher or lower than the main pitch
Play lively, quick
The softness or loudness of sound
pianississmio
pianissimo
piano
mezzo piano
mezzo forte
forte
fortissimo
fortississimo
Crescendo
Decrescendo
Diminuendo
Dynamic Markings
ppp
pp
p
mp
mf
f
ff
fff
dim.
Very, very soft
Very soft
soft
Moderately soft
Moderately loud
Loud
Very Loud
Very, Very Loud
Gradually get louder
Gradually get softer
Gradually get softer
Tempo Markings
Largo
Very slow and broad
Larghetto Slightly faster than largo
Adagio
Faster than largo but slower
than andante
Lento
Slow
Andante
A moderate graceful tempo
Andantino Slightly faster than andante
Moderato A moderate tempo
Allegretto Slightly slower than allegro
Allegro
Fast
Presto
Very fast
Prestissimo Extremely fast
Note Relationships
Rest Relationships
Beats and Time:
In each example below I have illustrated what each note’s duration would be in each time signature.
A QUARTER NOTE IS NOT ALWAYS = TO ONE BEAT
1
2
N/A
4
N/A
8
N/A
½
1
2
2
4
4
8
¼
1/2
1
1
2
2
4
1/8
1/4
1/2
1/2
1
1
2
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/4
1/2
1/2
1
Counting in Time
These notes are based on
time for example purposes only. Refer to the above chart for exact
notation in other time signatures.
Note Value
Counting Style
4 beats
1234
2 beats
12
1 beat
34
1
½ beat
1
¼ beat
+
2
2
3
+
3
4 etc
+
4
+
1 e + a 2 e + a 3 e + a 4 e + a
Triplet
1 la le
Dotted Rhythm
1(2)
+
=
=1
2 la le
(2) +
3 la
1(e+) a
le
=
4
la le
1 (e +) a
Tempo and Time
Each tempo is related into duration and actual real time. 60 beats per minute is the same as 60
seconds in a minute. Double that at 120 bpm and we have march tempo. That means every second
2 beats are played.
Tempo
Note Value Duration
Real time
1 eight note would equal 120 bpm
1 quarter note would equal 60 bpm
1 half note would equal 30 bpm
1 eight note would equal 240 bpm
1 quarter would equal 120 bpm
1 half note would equal 60 bpm
1 eight note would equal 480 bpm
1 quarter note would equal 240 bpm
1 half note would equal 120 bpm
1 whole note would equal 60 bpm
2 eight notes per second
1 quarter note per second
1 half note per 2 seconds
4 eight notes per second
2 quarter notes per second
1 half note per second
8 sixteenth notes per second
4 quarter notes per second
2 half notes per second
1 whole note per second
Relationship of notes in the staff
The following picture shows the
note to staff relationships in the
treble and bass staves
This is an atonal line of music
generally used for non pitched
percussion, ex. Snare drum
The following is called the C Clef.
The line that is in the center of the
clef is always C.
The following is called a multirest.
A multirest occurs when more then
one rest is combined for easier
counting
The following is called a measure
repeat. Instead of writing the same
measure over again many composers
use the following to save time.
The following are repeats. This tells
the player to repeat a section or
specific measure.
,
,
,
Work Identification Chart
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________
Name of the piece:__________________________________________________
Movements:1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________
Arranger/Composer:________________________________________________
Style:______________________________________________________________