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Download Miranda Allen Presentation Handout Tiberius
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Miranda Allen Presentation Handout Tiberius; Livia Name: Tiberius Claudius Nero o Son of Tiberius Claudius Nero (senior) and Livia Drusilla o Emperor from 14- 37 AD o Second Emperor of Julio-Claudian dynasty of Roman Empire Background o 39 BC: His mother divorces his father and marries Octavian, who later becomes Augustus o 32 BC: Civil wars break out between Mark Antony and Octavian o 31 BC: Octavian secures position as head of state under the title Augustus o 27 BC: Beginning of the Roman Empire Younger Days o 13 BC: Tiberius marries Vispania Agrippina, daughter of Augustus’s friend and army general Marcus Agrippa o Augustus tries to make Agrippa emperor by marrying him to his daughter Julia, but Agrippa dies in 12 BC - Agrippa has two children with Julia, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, to add to the succession line that Augustus tries to create o Augustus forces Tiberius to divorce Vispania and marry the widowed Julia - Not a happy marriage: Tiberius and Julia do not produce children, but Tiberius does move up in the succession line as a result of the marriage o 6 BC: Tiberius becomes consul for second time, prominent in the military in Pannonia and Germany, and becomes leading general in the state - seen as Augustus’ heir as a result of new status as Julia’s husband and military success o Also in 6 BC: Tiberius leaves Rome and goes to Rhodes for speculative reasons - Augustus is offended and upset by it and refuses to allow Tiberius to return to Rome o 2 AD: Lucius Caesar dies of illness, leaving only remaining heir Gaius - Livia persuades Augustus to allow Tiberius back to Rome o Gaius Cesar dies during a siege in Armania, leaving Tiberius as last resort for an heir o 14 AD: Augustus dies Early Reign o Tiberius appears to not wish to take on the powers voted to him by the Senate, but eventually accepts the position of emperor, while refusing the title of Augustus - he maintained a difficult relationship with the Senate throughout reign o 19 AD: Tiberius’ adopted son, Germanicus, is killed by the governor of Syria, leaving his other son Drusus as heir Sejanus (Seianus) o Tiberius’s closest friend, prefect of the Praetorian Guard - Praetorian Guard: the Roman imperial bodyguard, which Augustus established - Sejanus evolved guard into a sector of government dealing with public safety - He controlled an estimated 9000 troops within Rome o 23 AD: Sejanus poisons Drusus, Tiberius’ son, and tries to marry his wife Livilla— Tiberius refuses to allow it o 26 AD: Tiberius goes from Rome to live in Capri - Sejanus essentially removed all obstacles in Tiberius’ absence: removing Agrippina (Germanicus’s widowed wife) and her family from the picture through a series of imprisonments o 30 AD Sejanus was betrothed to Livilla’s daughter - He successfully marries himself into the royal family o By 31 AD Sejanus was very powerful, holding consulship with the emperor - In the same year, Tiberius pronounced Sejanus a traitor and demanded his arrest o Sejanus is arrested and executed, along with his friends and family - Sources claim that Tiberius did this either because he knew of Sejanus’ persecution of Germanicus’ family, or learned of the poisoning of his son, Drusus Later Years o Tiberius withdraws from Rome out of depression and paranoia, keeping in touch with letters. - Sources say that he spent most of the remainder of his life in Capri. o He had gained such unpopularity that the Senate refused to give him divine honors upon his death in 37 AD Lasting Effects o What was said to be one of the biggest impacts of his rule was his military inertia and his lack of attempt to expand the empire as Augustus did o The Sejanus Affair with the Praetorian Guard set a precedence for a phenomenon seen later in the Roman Empire - The strong presence of the Guard within the city made them heavy political influencers - whoever had the support of the Guard, has the power of an emperor