Download The Poultry Industry

The Poultry Industry
One of the fastest growing segments of the animal industry
Consumption
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Worldwide consumption of poultry is ()
Per capita consumption of broilers is () pounds
() in most cultures
Largest Producers
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in the world are ()
the countries of the ()
()
The Broiler Industry
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Today, almost all of the poultry is raised in () operations
the term () refers to chickens which are about () of age and are raised for ()
concentrated in the ()
leading states are (), (), and ()
majority of broilers raised in this country are raised on ()
Broiler Houses
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raised in large houses where the birds spend most of their lives
designed to provide the () in () conditions for the () of the birds.
generally lighted () hours a day
helps cut down on ()
Cannibalism
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according to research, fitting birds with () contact lenses helps to decrease cannibalism
not a common practice because of the ().
Broiler Production
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process begins with the production of () that will be hatched into chicks.
Parents are selected from breeds that are () and ()
different in appearance from those chickens used to produce eggs for consumption
() are selected on their ability to lay ()
most are () derived from mating of () breeds
usually mated through ()
results in () or ()
Hybrid Vigor
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the resulting offspring are () and () the average of their parents.
most are ()
colored birds have () spots in their skin which is () to the consumer
Egg Production
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eggs are expelled from the hens body and the () develops outside the mother’s body.
Eggs are encased in a hard shell and can weigh several ounces
most mammal eggs are ()
process begins with the release of the () (yolk) from the ovary
if the female has been mated, the ovum will be fertilized within the ().
The () or white of the egg is secreted by cells in the magnum.
() is formed
it is a () substance which holds the yolk in place in the () of the egg.
Inner and outer shell membranes are formed in the ()
the shell is formed in the ()
in () hours the shell is completed and moves to the vagina and out of the hens body.
hens prefer () that are enclosed
gives the chickens a feeling of ()
some facilities collect eggs with the use of a ()
the egg () out of the nest box and onto the belt
eggs must be kept () and free from ()
if the egg becomes () it will not be used for hatching
dirt may be easily scrubbed off the egg
this process can press dirt into the shell and removes the protective coating on the egg
Egg hatching
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eggs are stored at () degrees until being placed in the hatchery
within () hours after incubation begins the embryo has developed a () system
circulatory system sustains life by carrying nourishment from the yolk to the embryo
eggs are () at least () times per day
turning eggs keeps the embryo from () to the inside of the shell
by the end of the () week, embryos are () as chickens
after () weeks, the chicks are covered with ()
() takes about ().
After hatching, chicks are removed from the incubator, dried off, cleaned, and placed in a
warm dry environment.
The chicks are () and () into groups.
At () day of age chicks are () and the () are trimmed to prevent cannibalism.
Chicks are then placed in () cardboard boxes to be () to the broiler house.
Before the chicks arrive at the broiler house it must be () and ().
Fresh bedding is placed in the house.
(), called () are suspended from the ceiling to keep the birds warm.
Chicks are usually kept in the broiler house for () weeks.
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At that time they weigh about () pounds and are ready for market.
When the broilers are transported to the processing plant, the house is again cleaned.
The bedding is very high in () and is used for (), it may also be used as a source of protein
in cattle rations.
Layer Industry
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Per capita egg consumption in the U.S. has drastically () over the past thirty years.
Even with the decrease in demand, the layer industry is quite strong.
Over () of eggs produced are by layers in cages.
The most common grouping is () hens per cage.
Some layers produce () eggs and some produce () eggs.
Most eggs sold in the U.S. are ().
In commercial operations, () is used to stimulate the () activity of the hens to increase
their production of eggs.
They produce eggs naturally when the days are () than the nights.
Most operations allow () hours of light per day.
As eggs are laid they roll onto a conveyor belt where they go to a work room where they
are cleaned if necessary and refrigerated.
Eggs are coated with a thin coat of () to prevent () from escaping from within the egg.
Eggs are () according to () and checked for () and interior spots by ().
The turkey industry
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The sale of turkey is () to chicken in the overall sale of poultry meat.
Between 1980 and 1990 turkey consumption increased () in the U.S.
Turkey represents a high (), low (), nutritious source of food ().
() of all turkey sales occur during the weeks around ().
The () white turkey is a descendant of the () turkey and is result of a ()which left the gene
out for () and ().
(), () have been developed.
These highly developed birds are not () breeders.
The physical act of mating is difficult because of the () of the birds and because of this
they are () to breed.
This problem is solved through ().
They heavy breasted birds have another problem.
Their legs can’t support them when they reach a certain size and the weight of their
breasts makes them ().
Turkeys are grown in () houses and on ().
Other poultry
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In some parts of the world () and () make up a major portion of the poultry raised and
consumed.
This is true in () and ().
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In some areas () and () are grown for the () () and () market and for () in the wild to stock
the population for ().