Download caliph: leader of the Islamic Empire

Chapter 2,
Section 2
(2.2)
The Quran and
Islamic Empire
What are the basic beliefs of Muslims
according to the Qu’ran?
•The Qu’ran is the holy book of the
religion of Islam
•Muhammad’s followers wrote down the
messages he received from Allah the
Islamic god.
•They believe the Qu’ran is god’s written
word
What are the basic beliefs of Muslims
according to the Qu’ran?
•Islam has only one god, Allah
•It instructs people how to live
•Muslims should:
-be honest
-treat others fairly
-honor their parents
-give to the poor
-fulfill the Five Pillars of Faith
What are the basic beliefs of Muslims
according to the Qu’ran?
Five Pillars of Faith
•1. Belief- shahada: Muslims proclaim that Allah is the
one true god.
•2. Prayer- salat: Muslims pray 5 times a day
•3. Charity- zakat: Muslims give to the poor each year
•4. Fasting- sawm: Muslims do not eat or drink between
sunrise and sunset during the month of the Ramadan
holiday
•5. Pilgrimage- hajj: Muslims must visit Mecca (Makkah)
at least once in their lifetime. This will help them get into
heaven.
What is daily life like for Muslims?
•Muslims cannot: murder, lie, steal, drink
alcohol, eat pork, or gamble. Any meat that a
Muslim eats has to be specially blessed. This is
called halal.
•Muslim women cover their hair with a hijab out
of modesty. Men are also expected to dress
conservatively.
•The family is the most important thing to a
Muslim.
How did Muslim rule expand
throughout the Middle East?
•When Muhammad died a new leader was chosen.
This person is called a caliph: leader of the Islamic
Empire
•The first 4 caliphs after Muhammad were related to
him
•The Umayyad caliphs came after the first four.
•The Umayyad caliphs helped to make the empire
larger.
•Their capital city was Damascus, Syria
How did Muslim rule expand
throughout the Middle East?
•The Abbasids came after the Umayyads
•They built a new capital in Baghdad
•They were focused on the arts, trade and education.
•Muslims argued about who should be a caliph
•Two groups emerged
-Shiites: believe caliphs should be
related to Muhammad
-Sunnis: believe anyone could be
caliph
How did Muslim rule expand
throughout the Middle East?
•Muslims thought that fighting in the name of Islam
would send them to paradise (heaven)
•The language of Arabic spread all over the empire
•Sufis spent their time teaching others about Islam
•Merchants spread Islam to the places they traveled,
such as Indonesia and Africa
•Muslims also spread to Spain. Islam’s great
philosophers came from there
What were the trade routes between
Europe, The Middle East, and Asia?
•Muslims were leading merchants in the
Middle East and North Africa
•Caravans traveled from Baghdad to China
•Ships went to India, Southeast Asia, and
Africa
•Cairo, Baghdad and Damascus were all on
major trade routes