Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 2016-2017_1stSemester_Exam1_050117_final
Document related concepts
Multielectrode array wikipedia , lookup
Electrophysiology wikipedia , lookup
Single-unit recording wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Activity-dependent plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Subventricular zone wikipedia , lookup
Apical dendrite wikipedia , lookup
Axon guidance wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Clinical neurochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical synapse wikipedia , lookup
Pre-Bötzinger complex wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Synaptogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neural correlates of consciousness wikipedia , lookup
Circumventricular organs wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Eyeblink conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Efficient coding hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
PÁZMÁNY PÉTER CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BIONICS DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM I. 05-01-2017 Name: ………………………………………………… Points: (Maximum: 100 points) ……………………………. Examiner’ signature ……………………………. Student’s signature Complete the text below! 10 points The medial lemniscus system carries sensory information associated with ………………………. ……………………., …………………………………………… and ……………………………. ………………………… . The first order neurons are located in the …………………………….. ………………………………........ and they project to nuclei called …………………………….. ………………………………. and ……….………..……………….. , both positioned in the ….. ….…………………………………………………. . Information transmitted by the second order neurons reaches the ………………………………............... nucleus of the………………… The final sensory perception takes place in the….…………………………………………………… . Complete the table with missing information/definition! 5 points Acetylcholine/cholinergic signaling Derivative of Synthesized by Inactivated by Its ionotropic receptor Packed into synaptic vesicles by Complete the text below! 5 points The metathalamus is composed of the ………………………………………………………...and the ………………………………………………………………. . The medially located structure receives afferents from the …………………………………. and relays the sensory information to the ……………………………………………….. via the ……………………………………. ……………….. Define the following terms! 5 points Basket cell: ………………………………………………………………………………………… Climbing fiber: ………………………………………………………………………….................. Apoptosis: ….……………………………………………………………………………………… Broca area: .. ..................................................................................................................................... Muscle spindle: ................................................................................................................................. Complete the text below! 10 points Tissue damaging stimuli are sensed by …………………………… . At the spinal level, the primary afferents inform neurons located in the………………………….….... . The projecting neurons convey the information to the subcortical processing center via the crossed ………........ …………………………………………………… . The organism protects itself from harmful stimuli by the ….………………………………………………………which is ………………. synaptic in nature. Accordingly, the afferents synapse on ………………………………………. . The gate-keeper neurons receive excitatory inputs from ……………………………………… . The spinal center of the reflex arc is formed by ………………………………………….. that communicate with ………………………... (functional type) muscles on the side of the stimulus. The compensatory action on the contra-lateral side involves the simultaneous contraction of the ………………… ………………groups. Identify the labeled structures in the cross-section of the brain stem! 5 points 1 2 5 3 4 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. Complete the text below! 10 points. Linear acceleration excites ….…………………………. (type of) sensory neuroepithel cells in the …………………...……………and ……………….… of the inner ear. Bipolar neurons of the …………………….. ………………………………..convey the information to vestibular nuclei that in turn inform the cerebellum. Vestibulocerebellar fibers excite neurons within ……………………………, one of the deep cerebellar nuclei and also …………………………………………. cells within the cerebellar cortex. The latter neurons relay further the information toward …………………… neurons. The interneuronal communication is executed via …………………… type synapses. The cerebellar cortex sends ……………………type command to deep cerebellar nuclei. The vestibulocerebellum is formed by the …………………………………………………unit. Complete the text below! 10 points. The neural regulation of different organs in the human body is accomplished by the…………….. ………………… system. Conservation of energy is achieved via the …………………………… ………… wing of the system whose central regulatory units are situated in the ………………... and the caudal part of the ……………………………………. . Glands and smooth muscle receive this regulatory tone directly from ………………………………………………… that are linked to the central units. The efferent segment of the pupillary reflex belongs to this system. Activation of the center called …………………………………………... nucleus and its downstream ganglion called ………………………… result in ……………………of the pupil after focusing light on the eye. The afferent wing of the reflex arc arises from the ……………… …………… cell layer of the retina and reaches the mesencephalic center via the ………………. ………………….. . Complete the text below! 10 points. Layer ……. of the striate cortex receives visual information from the ipsilateral ……….……… ……………………………………(a relay station of the visual pathway), which processes the images of the ………………………….visual hemi-field. The projection is called ………….. …………………………whose damage results in ….......…………………………………. . The striate cortex is composed by modular units called .………..………………………………..……. . Commissural afferents terminate in the ……… ……………………. … layer/s of this structure. The primary visual cortex is situated in the …………… …… lobe, in the vicinity of the ……………………………………………… (one of distinguished sulci). Color, depth, motion of the objects are processed in neighboring …………………………… ………… ………………………… centers. Complete the text below! 5 points. Axons forming the perforant path arise from…………………………………………. and terminate on dendrites of ……………………………… (region and cell type). The latter neurons communicate via ……… …………………………………. with pyramidal neurons of the …………………sector of the hippocampus. Schaffer collaterals target …………………………. …………………………………………………….(region and cell type). List five upper motoneuron pathways descending to the spinal cord! 5 points. 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. Make a schematic drawing of the developing neural tube depicting the forming brain vesicles (derivatives of the three basic vesicles) (Label them by numbers (1-5)! Name these structures below! 5 points. 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. List at least 3-3 basic constituents of the olfactory and cerebellar glomeruli! 6 points. Components Olfactory Cerebellar Incoming afferents Recipient cells Modulator cells Complete the text below! 4 points. Peripheral somato-motor axons are insulated by…………………………… . It is a derivative of ……………………………… cells. In its formation the ………………….. is an important structure that wraps around the axon. The action potential is propagated in a ……………………. ………………………………………fashion. Give five significant, short statements about the corpus striatum reflecting its structural organization, networking and function! 5 points 1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………........
