Download Practice Test 3-Respiratory System If you inhale through your mouth

Practice Test 3-Respiratory System
If you inhale through your mouth instead of your nose
a. air passes into the esophagus instead of through the glottis
b. air passes through the pharynx and glottis into the larynx
c. air bypasses the pharynx but passes through the auditory (Eustachian) tube directly into the
trachea
d. air is shunted through the roof of the mouth into the nose so that it can be filtered
e. less air reaches the respiratory system
The vocal cords are attached to the
a. thyroid and cricoid cartilages
b. hyoid bone and cricoid cartilages
c. thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
d. thyroid and cuneiform cartilages
Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the
a. uvula
b. fauces
c. soft palate
d. epiglottis
e. saliva
Which one of the structures does not have cartilage embedded in its wall?
a. primary bronchi
b. secondary bronchi
c. trachea
d. respiratory bronchiole
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in the
a. alveoli
b. bronchi
c. terminal bronchioles
d. trachea
Describe the process of inspiration and expiration during normal and deep breathing.:
When the diaphragm contracts
a. the size of the chest cavity increases
b. the lungs expand to fill the extra space in the chest cavity
c. air from outside rushes into the lungs
d. intrathoracic pressure decreases
e. all of the above
In normal quiet breathing, expiration is brought about by
a. stimulation of sympathetic neurons
b. inhibition of the inspiration
c. stimulation of expiratory muscles
d. stimulation of the diaphragm
e. none of the above
Pulmonary surfactant acts
a. to lower the surface tensions of the alveoli
b. to prevent collapse of the alveoli
c. to prevent dehydration of the alveolar surface
d. like a detergent
e. all of the above
Describe how gases are transferred from the alveoli to the capillary including the forces
and barriers involved and the forms in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported
in the blood.
Which of the following would increase the rate of gas exchange S across the respiratory
membrane?
a. increase of the thickness of the respiratory membrane
b. decrease of the surface area of the respiratory membrane
c. increase of the partial pressure differences of gases across the respiratory membrane
d. all of the above
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs by
a. filtration
b. active transport
c. diffusion
d. osmosis
e. all of the above
Which one of the following is correct?
a. the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the lungs can increase the pH of the blood
b. arterial pH is more important than arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in normal
respiratory regulation
c. the chemical to which the central chemoreceptors respond directly is carbon dioxide
d. the carotid and aortic bodies are more important than the central chemoreceptors in terms of
their effect on respiratory rates
The chloride shift
a. occurs primarily in alveolar capillaries
b. occurs when chloride ions replace bicarbonate ions with red blood cells
c. results in an increase in blood pH
d. all of the above
Explain why the partial pressures of oxygen and of carbon dioxide are different for dry
atmospheric air, alveolar air, and expired air.
If blood samples were taken from right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery, and analyzed
for oxygen concentration
a. the right atrial sample would be lowest in oxygen concentration
b. all would contain more oxygen than pulmonary venous blood
c. all would contain about the same oxygen concentration
d. all would contain 20 ml oxygen per 100 ml blood
Which of the following contains the highest PCO2?
a. interstitial fluid
b. intracellular fluid
c. alveolar air
d. pulmonary vein blood
e. pulmonary artery blood
Describe the factors that influence the binding of gases to hemoglobin.
The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when
a. carbon dioxide concentration decreases
b. temperature decreases
c. blood becomes more alkaline
d. carbon dioxide concentration increases
Which of the following combines with hemoglobin irreversibility
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. carbon monoxide
d. nitrogen
e. ozone
Describe how inspiration and expiration are controlled by the nervous and endocrine
systems.
Cutting the nerves that go from the respiratory center in the medulla to the respiratory muscles
will
a. decrease the breathing rate
b. increase the breathing rate
c. completely stop breathing
d. make the breathing rate irratic
e. none of the above
The Hering-Breuer (stretch) reflex
a. decreases inspiratory volume
b. increases inspiratory volume
c. occurs in response to changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood
d. a and b
e. b and c
During an asthma attack, the patient has difficulty breathing because of constriction of the
a. trachea
b. bronchi
c. terminal bronchioles
d. alveoli
e. respiratory membrane
Which of the following would increase the rate of gas exchange S across the respiratory
membrane?
a. increase of the thickness of the respiratory membrane
b. decrease of the surface area of the respiratory membrane
c. increase of the partial pressure differences of gases across the respiratory membrane
d. all of the above
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs by
a. filtration
b. active transport
c. diffusion
d. osmosis
e. all of the above
Which one of the following is correct?
a. the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the lungs can increase the pH of the blood
b. arterial pH is more important than arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in normal
respiratory regulation
c. the chemical to which the central chemoreceptors respond directly is carbon dioxide
d. the carotid and aortic bodies are more important than the central chemoreceptors in terms of
their effect on respiratory rates