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Learning Targets for the Day I CAN identify the factors that led to the development of the Egyptian Civilization. I CAN explain the influence of religion in the culture of the Egyptians. Balitaan WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT EGYPT? How important was Nile river for ancient Egyptians? (Four reasons) Deposit a rich layer of soil Mud for brick houses Grew papyrus for paper, roof, rope and sandals Grew wheat, barley, flax and vegetables Mediterranean Sea What are some natural barriers found in the boundaries of Egypt? Western DesertSahara Egypt had several natural barriers which helped to protect it from invasion. The river does not only provide food and other materials, what are the other developments in Egypt because of the Nile? • System of government • System of writing-records of taxation • Geometry (during flooding) • Calendar Egyptian History is divided into three main periods •The Old Kingdom •The Middle Kingdom •The New Kingdom What’s the importance of Menes in the history of Egypt? The History of Egypt began with MENES •Menes Unites upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, established the first Egyptian dynasty. Why is lower Egypt located in north ? Vise versa Lower Egypt Upper Egypt The Old Kingdom- The Age of Pyramids 3 000 to 2 500 BCE Pyramids were built as tombs for pharaoh. Nobles gained authority and Egypt was torn into civil war for 200 years. Why is it called the Pyramid Age? How did the Feudalism started in Egypt? The Middle Kingdom-The Feudal Age Until 2000 BCE Culture and trade flourished, trading expeditions. What was the reason for the decline of the feudal age in Egypt? The invasion of the Hyksos led to the decline of the Middle Kingdom. The New Kingdom- The Age of Empire Until 1150 BCE A time of territorial expansion to Mesopotamia and other places in Africa. Most powerful state in Africa. Outside forces attacked Egypt- Kush, Assyrians, Persians and Alexander the Great. What was the reason for the decline of the New Kingdom? P o l i t i c s How did Pharaoh's rule? •believed to be the earthly embodiment of the god Horus-had the divine right to rule. •People followed their orders because they believed they were from god •No one would challenge the King’s authority and he could rule in relative peace Who is this PHARAOH? The first woman to be Pharaoh. Expansion of trade to Somalia Wanted Egypt to worship the god of the sun, Aton, as the only god. He closed all of the temples to the other gods and caused major social and political problems. He and his wife, Nefertiti, become unpopular rulers. King Tut:Tutankhamen • The youngest pharaoh-9 yrs old, died at age 18. • Restored the old religious practices after Akhenaton’s death • Has the only tomb to be found intact. One of the longest reigns in Egyptian History He sought to increase the size of the empire and went on many military conquests. He was only able to gain the area of Palestine. He fathered over 100 children Pharaoh of the Hebrew Exodus. Cleopatra VII • The last Pharaoh of Egypt who committed suicide rather than surrender to the Romans. Religion: How did it contribute to stability? • religious roots were in the worship of nature deities • Religion dictates all aspects of life in Egypt This scene depicts what occurs after a person has died, according to the ancient Egyptians. Because of this belief, mummification was practiced. Egyptian Advancements and Contributions: • The Egyptians used math to calculate area and volume in building the pyramids and in surveying flooded land • The Egyptians developed an accurate solar (365 day) calendar. • The practice of mummification and embalming led to advances in medical knowledge. • The system of writing-hieroglyphics used for religious and trading purposes. 1799 - Allowed for the translation of Hieroglyphics First deciphered by Jean Francois Champollion It contained the same passage in three languages: Hieroglyphs sacred writing of the priests Demotic cursive form of the ancient hieratic script Greek What are the three languages recorded in Rosetta Stone? Synthensis: Ancient Egypt: Why so stable? • Ancient Egypt lasted for 3500 years due to factors in: • The Nile provided all the resources for the Egyptians. • Natural barriers helped protect Egypt from invasion. • Religion helped the Pharaoh maintain his power. Exercise 1.5 TRUE or FALSE 1. The Nile River protects Egypt from outside invasion. 2. The Sahara Desert was the source of materials in order to build their mudbrick houses. 3. The pyramids in Egypt are built as temples for their gods. 4. The invasion of the Hyksos led to the decline of the Old Kingdom. 5. The Egyptian people believed that their Pharaoh was the embodiment of the god Osiris. 6. Tutankhamen was the last Egyptian pharaoh. 7. The calendar was invented by the Egyptian in order to predict the movements of the stars and planets. 8. King Menes established the very first Egyptian dynasty. 9. Akhenaton declared a monotheistic religion with Amon-Re as the sole god. 10. The invasion of Alexander the Great led to the downfall of the Egyptian civilization. I CAN... Identify the factors that led to the development of the Egyptian Civilization. Explain the influence of religion in the culture of the Egyptians. TOA: Seatwork 1.2Hieroglyphics 1 long size bondpaper Write your motto in life through hieratic writing. Creativity- 15 pts Format- 10 pts 25 pts ½ inch margin, write the heading at the back Hieroglyphics DEADLINE: Thursday, JULY 14, 2016 Summative Test 1.2- (Friday JULY 15, 2016) Map Lines, Locations, Evolution and Elements of Civilization