Download Exam 1 Review

GEOG 1210 – Exam 1
Chapter 1
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the difference between physical and historical geology
the difference between a hypothesis and a theory
what the rock, tectonic & hydrologic cycles describe
the 4 subsystems (spheres) of Earth
what the process of differentiation is
what regolith is
what Earth’s “plates” are made of
why studying geology is important
what uniformitarianism means and how it relates to Earth’s past
Chapter 3
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the 4 principles of stratigraphy (i.e. what they are & what they mean)
the difference between an unconformity and a fossil
the difference between paleontology and paleomagnetism
how old Earth is, how old the oldest rock is, and how old the oldest mineral grain is
what a half life is and how it applies to parent & daughter atoms
Chapter 2
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what an atom is
what an isotope is
the differences between the 4 types of bonds
the 5 criteria for a substance to be considered a mineral
which mineral group contains the majority of minerals in Earth’s crust
the importance of studying minerals prior to studying rocks
the different methods used to ID minerals and how to use them
Luster, hardness, cleavage, color, streak, density
Mohs scale
the difference between the 3 types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)
Chapter 6
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the difference between magma and lava
what viscosity means
the characteristics of shield and stratovolcanoes
what tephra is and the sizes associated with it
the difference between pahoehoe and a’a lava flows
what a resurgent dome is
the different types of hazards volcanoes create
Know the difference between a pyroclastic flow and a lahar
Know how a volcano could have global impacts
the difference between active, dormant & extinct volcanoes
the signs of a possible volcanic eruption
what the geothermal gradient is
what fractional melting is
what substance makes up a large portion of magma (by weight)
what 2 characteristics are used to classify igneous rocks
how rate of cooling affects crystal sizes in igneous rocks
the difference between plutonic and volcanic rocks
the difference between aphanitic and phaneritic textures
the difference between felsic and mafic igneous compositions
the difference between a batholith, a sill, and a dike
the “uncommon” uses for igneous rocks