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Emotive Motion:
analysis of expressive timing and body movement
in the performance of an expert violinist
John Stoecker
Matt Wright
Sheena Chandran
Overview:
Goals/Hypotheses
 Data Collection
 Data Analysis
 Anticipated Results
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Goals
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observe the variation of joint kinematics using
the common violin bowing techniques
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legato
Marcato
Spiccato
Ricochet
pizzicato
Goals (cont.)
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use sonification to show how timing of violinist’s
motion corresponds to the temporal evolution of
the music
Background: Timing and Tempo
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Each note has a duration
A beat is when you’d tap your foot
Tempo is the rate of beats (“beats per minute”)
A tempo curve is the tempo as a function of
time
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speeding up and slowing down
Deviation: note slightly earlier or later than
expected
Expressive timing: tempo curves, deviation,
etc., are important elements of musical
expression
Hypothesis One
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The greater the magnitude of the “expression”
(the greater a section’s deviation from the
metronomic standard), the larger the nonmusical body movement
Hypothesis Two
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The periodicity of various body parts will relate
to the periodicity of differing levels of the music
(such as note, beat, measure, phrase, and
section)
Data collection
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Using:
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An 8 camera 3-D
motion capture
system
A force plate
A gazillion reflective
markers (thanks, Erin!)
A famous violinist
A pair of hot shorts
Data collection (cont.)
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We gathered force
plate and motion
capture data of:
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Bowing techniques
8 performances of
J.S. Bach’s Chaconne
(the fourth and final
movement of Bach’s
second Partita)
Data collection (cont.)
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Emotions:
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Normal
Angry
Trepidation
Mournful
Playful
Searching
No Emotion
Least Motion
Performance Video
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In this clip you will
see Barry
Shiffman, the
QuickTime™ and a
second violinist for
DV/DVCPRO - NTSC decompressor
the St. Lawrence are needed to see this picture.
String Quartet
perform an
excerpt of J.S.
Bach’s Chaconne
joyfully.
Data Analysis
Programs Used:
Matlab
Audacity
PureData
MaxMSP
From Note Duration to Tempo
Note “duration” = time between this note’s
beginning and the next note’s beginning.
(“Inter-onset interval”)
 If every eighth note is 400ms, then in a
minute there would be 60 sec / 0.4 sec =
150 eighth notes.
 This means 75 BPM (since an eighth note
is half of a beat)
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Results and Sonification
Hypothesis One: the greater a section’s
deviation from the metronomic standard,
the larger the non-musical body
movement
 Hypothesis Two: the periodicity of various
body parts will relate to the periodicity if
differing time levels of the music (such as
note, beat, measure, and phrase)
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Acknowledgments
Prof. Jonathan Berger
Erin Butler
Sarah Emerson
Dr. Amy Ladd
Jonathan Norton
Dr. Jessica Rose Agramonte
Barry Shiffman
Kingsley Willis
Any Questions?