Download Developmental Biology, 9e

Figure 5.1 Cell cycles of somatic cells and early blastomeres (Part 1)
Figure 5.1 Cell cycles of somatic cells and early blastomeres (Part 2)
Figure 5.2 Role of microtubules and microfilaments in cell division
Figure 5.3 Summary of the main patterns of cleavage (Part 1)
Figure 5.3 Summary of the main patterns of cleavage (Part 2)
Figure 5.4 Types of cell movements during gastrulation (Part 1)
The Cells are given new position and new neighbors, and
Multilayered body plan of organism are established
Cell movement: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm formation
Figure 5.4 Types of cell movements during gastrulation (Part 2)
Figure 5.5 Axes of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
Figure 5.6 Cleavage in the sea urchin (Part 1)
Unequal equatorial cleavage
Figure 5.7 Micrographs of cleavage in live embryos of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, seen
from the side
Figure 5.14 Normal sea urchin development, following the fate of the cellular layers of the blastula
Figure 5.8 Fate map and cell lineage of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Figure 5.9 Ability of micromeres to induce presumptive ectodermal cells to acquire other fates
Figure 5.10 Ability of micromeres to induce a secondary axis in sea urchin embryos
Micromere:
1) autonomous specification
2) Paracrine production to specify the neighboring cells
Figure 5.11 Role of Disheveled and -catenin proteins in specifying the vegetal cells of the sea
urchin embryo (Part 1)
The Wnt signal transduction pathways (Part 1) – Canonical Wnt pathway
Figure 5.11 Role of Disheveled and -catenin proteins in specifying the vegetal cells of the sea
urchin embryo (Part 2)
LiCl treatment
Animal cells become specified
as Endoderm & mesoderm formation
Inhibition of b-Cat
transportation into
nuclei
Ciliated ectodermal cells
Figure 5.12 Simplified, double-negative gated “circuit” for micromere specification
double-negative gated “circuit”
Figure 5.13 “Logic circuits” for gene expression
double-negative gated “circuit”
Feedforward circuit
Figure 5.14 Normal sea urchin development, following the fate of the cellular layers of the blastula
Figure 5.16 Ingression of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells
Figure 5.17 Formation of syncytial cables by skeletogenic mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin
Figure 5.18 Localization of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells
Figure 5.19 Invagination of the vegetal plate
Figure 5.20 Cell rearrangement during extension of the archenteron in sea urchin embryos
Figure 5.21 Mid-gastrula stage of Lytechinus pictus, showing filopodial extensions of nonskeletogenic mesenchyme
Figure 5.15 Entire sequence of gastrulation in Lytechinus variegatus
Figure 5.42 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Part 1)
Figure 5.42 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Part 2)
Figure 5.42 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Part 3)
Figure 5.43 PAR proteins and the establishment of polarity
Figure 5.44 Segregation of the P-granules into the germ line lineage of the C. elegans embryo
the P-granules: riboneucleopotein complex,
-RNA helicase, Poly A pol, translational initiation factors
-move toward the posterior ends, P lineage blastomere, become germ cells
Figure 5.46 Model for specification of the MS blastomere
Figure 5.45 Deficiencies of intestine and pharynx in skn-1 mutants of C. elegans
Figure 5.47 Cell-cell signaling in the 4-cell embryo of C. elegans
If P2 is removed, EMS become
two MS cells, no E cells
If you reversed the position of
Ap and Aba, their fates are
similiary reversed
Mom-2: Wnt
Mom-5: Frizzled
Apx-1: Delta
Glp-1: Notch
Figure 5.48 Gastrulation in C. elegans