Download Lactoperoxidase

Antimicrobial Properties of the
Patented LP3 Enzyme System
The LP3 Enzyme System combines 3 enzymes to
effectively destroy bacterial, viral and fungal
microorganisms.
Each enzyme has its own unique properties and when
combined, pack a powerful antimicrobial punch. The 3
enzymes are derived naturally from milk products so
they are 100% safe and gentle. For years, it has been
known that milk has a natural ability to kill bacteria,
viruses and yeast. Only recently have the protein and
enzyme system responsible been identified and
reproduced. The three most effective are
Lactoperoxidase, Lysozyme and Lactoferrin.
Lactoperoxidase
Lactoperoxidase
•A known milk peroxidase which when combined
together with hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate and/or
iodide produce a potent antibacterial system known
as the Lactoperoxidase System.
•The hypohalous ions produced are either the
hypothiocyanate ion or the hypoiodite ion. Both are
bactericidal substances. Hypoiodite is also a known
fungicidal agent.
•The antibacterial property of the Lactoperoxidase
System is based upon inhabitation of vital bacterial
metabolic enzymes brought on by their oxidation by
hypothiocyanate or hypoiodite.
Lactoperoxidase
Lysozyme
Lysozyme
•An enzyme present in milk and egg whites.
•Lysozyme kills bacteria by disrupting the formation
of a glycosidic bond between the two components of
peptidoglycan, a constituent of the bacterial cell wall.
•Lysozyme is effective against a number of bacteria
including Escherichia coli and Salmonellae.
Lactoperoxidase
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin
•An iron binding protein, found naturally in cow and
human milk, tears, saliva, seminal fluid and in some
white blood cells.
•Lactoferrin is only partially saturated with iron (5 to
30 percent) so it has a high affinity towards iron.
•Lactoferrin is bacteristatic against a wide range of
microorganisms including gram-negative (coliforms)
and gram-positive (staphylcoccus) bacteria.
•Lactoferrin has the potential to inhibit the growth of
bacteria and kill them by depriving them of iron,
which is vital for bacterial growth.
The Lactoperoxidase
Enzyme System
• bi·o·film
noun Definition: film composed of cells of
microorganism: a thin layer of cells of a
microorganism such as a bacterium or fungus,
held to a surface by the material the
microorganisms produce. Biofilm forms on
multiple moisture rich surfaces such as: medical
implants, teeth, rocks, drains, etc.
Staphylococcus
aureus biofilm
• Biofilms have been found to be involved in a wide
variety of microbial infections in the body, by one
estimate 80% of all infections. Infectious
processes in which biofilms have been implicated
include common problems such as urinary tract
infections, catheter infections, middle-ear
infections, formation of dental plaque, gingivitis,
coating contact lenses, and less common but
more lethal processes such as endocarditis,
infections in cystic fibrosis, and infections of
permanent indwelling devices such as joint
prostheses and heart valves.
Multifactorial Antimicrobial
Resistance
• Conventional antibiotic therapy, usually effective
against free-floating bacteria, is frequently
ineffective once pathogens have formed biofilms:
these surface-attached communities are up to
1,000-times more resistant to antibiotics.
The Reason for Resistance
• A very complex diffusion barrier made up of
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and polysacchrides.
• Active not passive, multiple resistance
mechanisms that are still being studied.
• Scientists discovered that the biofilm bacteria can
produce a protein which their analysis suggests is
similar to one of the active ingredients in
rattlesnake venom which causes the host cells to
commit suicide and die.
5 Stages of Biofilm Development
Stage 1, initial attachment; Stage 2, irreversible attachment; Stage 3,
maturation I; Stage 4, maturation II; Stage 5, dispersion.
Each stage of development in the diagram is paired with a photomicrograph of a developing P.
aeruginosa biofilm. All photomicrographs are shown to same scale.
The Role of Enzymes for
Infection Control
• Glucose oxidase combined with lactoperoxidase is
bactericidal against biofilm bacteria but does not
remove biofilm. A complex mixture of
polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes removes
bacterial biofilm but does not have a significant
bactericidal activity.
• Combining oxidoreductases, like the
Lacoperoxidase System, with polysaccharidehydrolyzing enzymes results in bactericidal
activity as well as removes the biofilm.
The Future of Biofilm
Reduction in Infection Control
• Bacteriophages- tiny viruses that are engineered
to contain enzymes that attack bacteria and
degrade their biofilm.
• Disrupting cellular communications-activating the
cells' communication system, also known as
quorum sensing, in established biofilms causes
the biofilms to disperse rapidly.
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