Download Surface Anatomy Of Urinary System

Surface Anatomy Of Urinary System
Learning objectives:
At the end of the lecture the student should be able to:
• Identify the surface anatomy of
– Kidney,
– Ureter and
–
Urinary bladder.
Surface anatomy of kidney:
• Right kidney usually lies about 1 cm. lower than the
left, but for practical purposes similar surface
markings are taken for each
• The kidneys lie in the paravertebral gutters, at the
level of T12 to L3 vertebrae.
• Their long axis are almost parallel with the axis of the
body
• It is a firm, smooth, somewhat rounded mass that
descends during inspiration.
Front of the abdomen:
• Upper pole lies midway between the plane of the
lower end of the body of the sternum and the
transpyloric plane, 5 cm. from the middle line.
• Lower pole is situated midway between the transpyloric and
intertubercular planes, 7 cm. from the middle line.
Hilum is on the transpyloric plane, 5 cm. from the middle line.
Back of the abdomen:
• Parallellogram of Morris is used;
• Two vertical lines are drawn
– First 2.5 cm. from the middle line
– Second 9.5 cm. from the middle line the
• Two horizontal lines drawn
– Upper border at the levels of the tips of the
spinous process of the T11
– lower border of the spinous process of the
L3
– Hilum is 5 cm. from the middle line at the level of the spinous
process of the L1.
Surface anatomy of kidney:
• In thin adults with poorly developed abdominal
muscles, the inferior pole of the right kidney is
usually palpable in the right lateral region.
• The normal left kidney is not usually palpable.
Surface Anatomy Of Ureter:
• On the front of the abdomen
• line of the ureter runs from the hilum of the kidney to
the pubic tubercle;
• On the back
• From the hilum vertically downward, passing
practically through the posterior superior iliac spine.
Surface anatomy of urinary bladder:
• When empty the bladder sinks into the
pelvis.
• When distended it rises toward the
umbilicus, carrying the peritoneal fold
with it so as to leave a space of 2.5 to 5
cm. (1 to 2 in.) between it and the top of
the pubis.
Thank you.