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Download Foundations 8000 BCE
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Foundations 8,000 BCE – 600 BCE Mesopotamia A series of citystates and empires Mainly local and regional trade, but some long-distance trade with Egypt and Indus Valley Egypt Three long periods of empire Mainly regional trade, but some longdistance trade with Mesopotamia and Nubia Huang He Xia, Shang, Zhou, Warring States Period Local and regional trade – disconnected with the rest of Eurasia Indus Valley Mohenjo-daro, Harappa Mesoamerica Olmec, Mayan, Aztec Andean Chavin, Inca Niger River Stateless society Local and regional trade, some longdistance trade with Mesopotamia Mainly regional trade, but some longdistance trade with Andean Mountains and Southwest United States Mainly regional trade, greatly influenced by the spread of Bantu Religion Polytheistic – ruled by PriestKings Polytheistic Not much is known – the writing is undecipherable Polytheistic – priests are of great importance Culture and architecture Writing in cuneiform – epics, business contracts, construction of cities and ziggurats Priest-kings Nobles Commoners Slaves Polytheistic – ruled by Pharaohs, who are believed to be gods Hieroglyphic writing, construction of temples, pyramids Mainly regional trade (three tiered vertical trade, coast, valleys, highlands), some longdistance trade with Mesoamerica Polytheistic – priests are of great importance Oracle bones, developed first musical instruments, construction of cities Use of some glyphs, built cities and pyramids No real writing, but used quipus to keep records, built cities Pharaohs Priests Aristocracy Commoners Slaves Patriarchal Aristocracy Peasants Merchants Writing is still undeciphered, built complex cities on grid pattern without large buildings such as palaces and temples Do not know, but it appears to have been somewhat egalitarian Nobility Priests Commoners Slaves Nobility Priests Commoners Slaves Family relationship Social groups Patriarchal Patriarchal Patriarchal Patriarchal Political Economic Social Stratification Gender Patriarchal Patriarchal Polytheistic – mainly animism – a belief in nature spirits No writing, no cities, just large towns and villages along the Niger River
