Download Chapter 13 Notes (Part 2)

Psychology
Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2
Ms. Litza
Page 1
Chapter 13: Psych Disorders Notes—Part 2
Section 4: Psychosomatic Disorders
 Psychosomatic Disorders
o _____________________________________________________: there is a real
psychical illness that is largely caused by physiological factors such as stress and anxiety
 EX: tension headaches
 Caused by muscle contractions brought on by stress
 Headache is real but considered psychosomatic because stress and anxiety
(psychological factors) play an important role in causing symptoms
o ___________________________________________________: there is an apparent
psychical illness for which there is no organic basis
 Do not mean to mislead others about their physical condition
 The symptoms are very real to them, not faked are under voluntary
control
o _______________________________________________________: person experiences
vague, recurring psychical symptoms for which medical attention is sought after
repeatedly but no cause is found
 Common Complaints: back pains dizziness, partial paralysis, abdominal pains, and
sometimes anxiety and depression
o _____________________________________________: dramatic specific disability has
no psychical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems
 Also, blindness, deafness, seizures, and lose of feeling, or false pregnancy
 Have healthy muscles and nerves, yet symptoms are very real
 Usually caused to resolve a difficult conflict or relieves the patient of the need to
confront a difficult situation
 EX: worry yourself sick
o ________________________________________________________: person interprets
insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence
of such illness
 You have a headache and you assume you actually have a brain tumor
o ____________________________________________________: person becomes so
preoccupied with his or her imaged ugliness that normal life is impossible
 EX: think you have big ears and eventually can’t function in regular life
Psychology
Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2
Ms. Litza
Page 2
Section 5: Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative Disorders
o Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest
 Involves memory loss– though temporary– change in identity
o __________________________________________: loss of memory from past events
without organic cause
 Usually block out stressful events or periods of life that may seem extremely
stressful
 EX: extreme/ extensive abuse
o _________________________________________________________: person has
several distinct personalities that emerge at different times
 Commonly known as multiple personalities
 In true multiple personalities, the various personalities are distinct people, whit
their own names, identities, memories, mannerisms, and speaking voices, and
even IQ’s
 Personalities sharply contrast each other
o ____________________________________________________________: essential
feature is that people suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way
 Feel like that have left their bodies, or their actions have become mechanical or
dream like
 Common during adolescence and young adulthood when our sense of ourselves
and interactions changes rapidly
Section 6: Personality Disorders
 _____________________________________________________: inflexible and maladaptive
ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and/or conflicts
with others
o EX: harmless eccentrics to cold blooded killers
 Types of Personality Disorders
o ______________________ Personality Disorder: person is withdrawn and lacks feelings
for others
 Lacks desire to form social relationships
 No feelings towards others
 Seldom marry, have trouble holding jobs that require them to work with others
o ________________________________ Personality Disorder: person is inappropriately
suspicious and mistrustful of others
 There is no reason for suspicion or mistrust
 Refuse to accept blame or criticism when necessary
 Guarded, secretive, devious, scheming, and argumentative but see themselves
and rational and objective
Psychology
Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2
Ms. Litza
Page 3
o ___________________________________ Personality Disorder: person is unable to
make choices and decisions independently and cannot tolerate being alone
 Underlying fear they will be rejected or abandoned by the important people in
their lives
o _____________________________ Personality Disorder: person’s fear of rejection by
other leads to social isolation
 Person is timid, anxious, fearful of rejection
 Social anxiety leads to isolation but unlike schizoid people, they WANT to have
close relationship with people
o _______________________________________ Personality Disorder: person has an
exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration
 Believe they are extraordinary, need constant attention and admiration, display
sense of entitlement, and tend to exploit others
o ________________________________________ Personality Disorder: marked by
instability in self- image, mood, and interpersonal relationships
 Tend to act impulsively, and often in self-destructive ways,
 Feel uncomfortable being alone, ad often manipulate self-destructive impulses in
an effort to control or solidify their personal relationships—promiscuity, drugs,
alcohol, and threats of suicide
 Common and serious
 Although genetics do play a role, not an important role in development
 Usually generates out of exposure to dysfunctional relationships with parents,
frequent exposure to domestic violence, and physical or sexual abuse
o _____________________________________________________Personality Disorder:
involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an
inability to feel affection for others
 Lie, steal, cheat, and show little to no responsibility, often intelligent, and
charming
 The “con man”
 Show little to no remorse, guilt or anxiety about behavior
Section 7: Schizophrenic Disorders
 ___________________________________________________________: severe disorders in
which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions
and hallucinations.
o Lasts for months, even years
o Out of touch with reality– ______________________________ is a legal term for
mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions
Psychology
Ch. 13 Notes, Part 2
Ms. Litza
Page 4
o Suffer from ___________________________—sensory experiences in the absence of
external stimulation
o Usually takes the form of hearing voices that are not really there
o Frequently suffer from ______________________________– false beliefs about reality
that have no basis in fact
o These delusions are usually __________________________________– believe people
are our to harm them
o Believe their doctors want to kill them, receiving radio messages from aliens
o Distorted thoughts sometimes lead to self-destructive behaviors, increasing their risk
from suicide
o Difficult to live a normal life unless treated with medication
 Types of Schizophrenic Disorders
o _____________________________________Schizophrenia: bizarre childlike behaviors
are common
 Giggling, frantic gesturing, show childish regard for social conventions and ma
urinate and defecate at inappropriate times
o ______________________________ Schizophrenia: disturbed behavior is prominent
 Alternate between catatonic state (mute and immobile) and extremely active
state (constant shouting and talking)
o __________________________________________Schizophrenia: marked by extreme
suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions
 May believe themselves to someone they are not (Napoleon or the Virgin Mary)
o ____________________________________________ Schizophrenia: there are clear
schizophrenic symptoms that don’t meet the criteria for another subtype of the disorder
 May have delusions, hallucinations, or incoherence but doesn’t fit into any of the
subtypes for the disorder
 Causes of Schizophrenia
o Genetic component
 People with schizophrenia are more likely to have children with the disorder, as
well
o May also be related to those who have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter
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