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AP Statistics Chapter 5 Probability
Key Terms/Ideas
 The probability of any outcome of a chance process is a number between 0 and 1 that
describes the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of
repetitions. (p. 285)
 Basic Rules of Probability (p. 301)
Favorable outcomes
o If all outcomes are equally likely, P( A) 
Total outcomes
o Probability of any event is between zero and one.
o Sum of all possible outcomes must have a probabilities that add to 1.
o The complement of A is denoted AC. P(AC ) = 1-P(A)
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The union of A or B is denoted A  B and consists of the events in A or B.
The intersection of A and B is denoted A  B. Events that are in both A and B
Addition Rule: P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A  B) This formula is given on the AP
Test. (p. 304)
Mutually exclusive or Disjoint means the two events have nothing in common. If two
events are mutually exclusive, P(A  B) = 0 (p. 305 with Venn diagrams)
Conditional probability. Let A and B be two events with P(B)>0. Then, the probability
of A given B occurred is given by the formula. (p. 313)
P( A  B)
P( A | B) 
P( B)
Definition of Independence: Two events are independent if the occurrence of one event
has no effect on the chance that the other event will happen. P(A|B) = P(A)
General Multiplication Rule: (p. 319)
P( A  B)  P( A | B)  P( B)
Multiplication Rule if events are independent: P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B) p. 321
Be able to use a tree diagram to apply Bayes Theorem (pp. 325-326 examples)
Be able to describe how to use a random digit table to carry out a simulation and be able
to clearly mark on the digit table your procedure.
o Read ____ (one, two, three) digits from ## to ##, ignoring __________.
o State if repeats are allowed or ignored.
o State the design, what each digit represents in the context.
o State the stopping rule.
o State the results of your procedure.
o Carry out the procedure as stated in the problem. If you need to carry out
three trials, start the next trial on the next line is a common technique.
AP Problems: 2004#4, 2006#3, 2008#3, 2006B#3, 2009B#2, 2010B#5, 2005B#2, 2002B#2,
2003B#2, 2007B#6, 2009B#2, 2004#3, 2000#6