Download Discussion Paper Electric Powered Vehicle

Discussion Paper
Electric Powered Vehicle
Honda Motor Co., Ltd
Feb. 7 th 2017
Agenda
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
2
Agenda
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
3
Honda electric vehicle（E-Drive System）
HEV
BEV Battery Electric Vehicle
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
ENG
Deceleration
Gear
MOT
Deceleration
Gear
4
(GEN)
MOT
MOT
(TRAC)
PCU
PCU
BATT
BATT
Plug-In
（100V/200V）
PHEV Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
ENG
Deceleration
Gear
MOT
Deceleration
Gear
FCV Fuel Cell Vehicle
(GEN)
MOT
MOT
(TRAC)
PCU
PCU
BATT
GEN
(FC)
BATT
Type of HEV and Characteristics (Parallel)
Running force generated by both engine and motor
Mechanical transmission
Engine
Electric transmission
Output
Motor
Transmission
Inverter
Power control unit
Battery
Engine
power
＋
Motor
power
・
≧
Output
combined
Less idling + Assisted (+EV drive)
Relatively simple structure.
5
Type of HEV and Characteristics (Series)
Running force generated by motor only.
Engine generates electricity.
Mechanical transmission
Engine
Output
Generator
Battery
Electric transmission
Motor
Power control unit
Motor
power
=
Output
power
High efficiency is achievable since engine can run at constant speed.
6
Type of HEV and Characteristics (Series・ Parallel) 7
Engine
Mechanical transmission
Electric transmission
Generator
Power split device
Power control unit
Output
Battery
Reduction gear
Motor Inverter
Engine
power
＋
Motor
power
DC/DC converter （Up conversion）
＞
Output
power
Benefits of both Series and Parallel are combined.
Complex system.
Input energy (=gasoline)
Effect of
regeneration
Energy flow on HEV
Electric
accessories
Thermal loss
Transmission
8
Brake
Rolling resistance
Air resistance
necessary energy
Driving energy
Effect of
regeneration
Regenerated electricity
Running
Regeneration
Deceleration
Transform into electricity
Reduce gasoline consumption
Regenerated electricity contributes to reduce fuel consumption.
Engine output adjustment
Moving engine operating point toward
the most efficient area by adjusting
engine load.
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption（BSFC）
9
System
EV
Range
extender EV
Assist
Charge
Electrification
Engine Torque
Assist
Series
（Series Parallel）
HEV
Charge
Parallel
HEV
EV
Conventional
Engine Speed
Engine
Transmission
Battery
Example of Fuel Economy performance
10
■Major Specification (HEV vs ICE)
2017 US model 4Dr
HEV
ICE
Type
2.0 L
DOHC-VTEC
2.4L
DOHC-VTEC
Maximum
Power
107kW
(143Hp)
134kW
(185Hp)
Maximum
Torque
175 Nm
(129lb-ft)
245Nm
(181lb-ft)
Maximum
Power
135KW
(181Hp)
－
Maximum
Torque
315 Nm
(232lb-ft)
－
DriveTrain
Type
2Motor E-CVT
CVT / MT
BATTERY
Type
Li-ion
-
Fuel
Economy
City/HWY
/Comb.
ENGINE
MOTOR
49/47
27/36
/ 48 MPG
/ 30 MPG（CVT）
Integrated Power Unit
(IPU)
・Li-ion battery
・On Board charger
・DC/DC convertor
・Battery control unit
DC cable
Charge lid
Electric
compressor
Atkinson cycle
engine
A model for US, Comb. FE Specification
Power Control Unit
（PCU）
Electric-CVT
・Motor/Generator
・Clutch
・Gear train
Hybrid ： 48MPG
・Li-ion battery
・On Board charger
・DC/DC convertor
・Battery control unit
ICE ： 30MPG
PHEV Control system configuration
11
12V
Battery
PCU
IPU
Voltage control
unit
Inverter
Inverter
Motor
ECU
Battery
fan
DC/DC
converter
CAN
Li-ion
Battery
contactor
Battery
ECU
CAN
Motor
Generator
Engine
CAN
On board
charger
Inlet
connector
EVSE
or CCID
Charging
connector
Contactor
Control a engine,
Energy management of the
whole vehicle
PCU(Power control unit)
Control of traction motor
and generator , boost of
voltage from IPU .
FI / MG
ECU
Cell voltage
sensor
Accelerator
pedal
IPU(Intelligent power unit)
Charge and dis charge a Li ion battery,
Open and close the contactor, charge the
12V battery
Power
supply
connector
External power
supply system
Load
FI/MG-ECU, Battery-ECU, Motor-ECU, three ECUs work in cooperation.
Overall configuration of EV
12
Power control unit (PCU)
Motor
Inverter
Charger
AC 220V
Water cooled
Charge rid
DC-DC
downverter
DC 12V (100A)
Water cooled
Cable for
charging
High voltage Battery
Motor
Max. Output : 92kW
Max. torque ： 256Nm
Lithium ion battery 432 cells
Air cooling
Cooling
fans
Cell
Gear box
Gear ratio : 8.058
Main contactor
Structure of EV System
Motor
Source of vehicle
driving power
Motor Invertor
Direct current is converted into
three-phase circuit, and motor is
driven.
（PDU：Power Drive Unit）
13
Contactor
Opening and closing breaker
of high voltage
Contactor
Gear
box
Motor
Motor
Inverter
12V Electric
accessories
DC-DC
converter
12V
Battery
AC 220V
Circuit
breaker
Charging cable
Charger
Charge rid
High voltage
Battery
High voltage battery
Supply electric power to motor or 12V
electrical part.
DC-DC converter
Transducer from high voltage to DCdirect current 12V
Charger
DC-direct current transducer for
charging high voltage battery from AC
220V
Example of FCV package
14
Fuel Cell Sedan Package
Trunk
room
High-efficiency package with the
fuel cell powertrain mounted inside
the front hood
Optimal positioning of battery and
hydrogen tank for comfortable
sedan passenger space
Largest luggage
space in a fuel cell
vehicle
A case of hydrogen society
15
A carbon-free energy-recycling society can be realized,
in which renewable energy is produced locally for local consumption.
Renewable energy
Wind
power
Hydrogen
Transportable
Creatable
Solar
Biomass
Hydroelectric
power
Water electrolysis
Storable
Fuel cell
Able to generate
electricity
FCV
u
Water
Zero emission
Agenda
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
16
Example of international regulation
for electric powered vehicle
17
For example, in UN and US regulations,
•
Electric shock proof at collision, and static condition
(UN-R12, UN-R94, UN-R95, UN-R100, UN-R137,, FMVSS305)
•
REESS (Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage System) Robustness
(UN-R100)
•
Breaking performance at defect of regeneration break
(UN-R13H, FMVSS135)
•
Quiet Road Transport Vehicle
(UN-R138, FMVSS141)
•
Protection of excessive heat by electric heater/Environmental quality of fuel burned
heater
(UN-R122)
•
etc
To ensure safety and environment protection, there are various regulations.
Agenda
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
18
Reasons for hesitating to use EV
19
Appeal is not felt.
2015
Dynamic performance
2014
2013
Long time is requeried for charging
2012
There are few charge stations.
Can not charge at house
Short range
Price is high.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percent %
From 2016 report of Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
“High price” is the major factor.
Examples of incentive
20
Promotion of environmentally friendly vehicles in every country in the world.
Countries
Vehicle type
HEV
PHEV
BEV
FCV
Other
○
○
○
○
○
German
○
○
French
○
○
○
○
Japan
Britain
○
○
○
○
○
U.S.A. California
U.S.A. New York
○
○
○
China
○
○
○
Example of Germany
・ Subsidy, vehicle price is 60,000 euros or less.
PHEV : €3000/car
BEV：€4000/car
・ Motion which prohibits new vehicle registration of gasoline and diesel engine car in 2030.
・Plan to install 5000 quick charger and 10000 standard battery chargers by 2020 .
・Hydrogen station extension , 100 by 2018, 400 by 2023.
Examples of incentive in Japan
21
◆ Assistance payment revision of Clean Energy Vehicle （2016/Apr ~ 2020/Mar）
@2016.Apr.20
Electric car subsidy system (Enforced)
〜2015： Supports according to the difference with gasoline car
2016〜： Supports according to installed battery capacity
Subsidy（2016）
2016： ¥11k/kWh (Upper limit ：¥600k)
Vehicle-F
70kWh
¥600k
Vehicle-D
Vehicle-C
Vehicle-B
Vehicle-A
8.8kWh
¥97k
21.8kWh
¥239k
12kWh
¥132k
30kWh
¥330k
54.5
Battery capacity 〔kWh〕
Max 600k yen, depending on the battery capacity.
Analysis of incentive effect
White paper, ICCT, May 2014
In macro view, bigger fiscal incentive indicates effective for consumers to purchase electric
vehicles. However in micro view, the graph indicates the limitation of fiscal incentive by other
factors. The study of the other factor would be the key for increment of the market share. (e.g.
vehicle manufacturer policy (emission standards, electric vehicle requirements), infrastructure
(residential equipment, public charging), electric utility actions (time of use charging), and other
local policy (reduced rates for toll roads, preferential parking).
22
Agenda
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
23
Tendency of air conditioner power consumption
Monthly average temperature (Highest & Lowest)
~ 2015 Ave.
Relationship between outside air temperature
and air conditioner power consumption
Power consumption of air conditioner（ /km ）
temperature (℃)
Saudi Arabia / Riyadh
24
Honda EV data
Country A
Country B
temperature (℃)
At an extremely low or high temperature, the power is consumed by A/C.
The driving range is influenced accordingly.
Charging infrastructure depending on the environmental condition
is one of the key.
Well to Wheel CO2 emissions
25
Potential for reduction of CO2
Well to Wheel calculated from overall US average
www.fueleconomy.gov
Honda estimates
: Renewable energy effect
Reduction
GHG (%)
: Biofuel effect
Tank
To
Wheel
Well
To
Tank
A model
with ICE
From the perspective of WTW ,
there is little difference between EV, PHV, and HEV.
Well
To
Tank
Zero
AER 40mile
PHEV
Small
BEV
Zero
FCV
With the use of renewable energy, there is a possibility
of reducing GHG, moreover BEV and FCV can achieve
zero emissions.
Promotion of CO2 reduction from Well to Wheel is important.
Relationship between next-generation vehicles and energy 26
Well
Fossil fuel
Refinement
Carriers
Power station
Gasoline
Natural energy
Bio-mass
Generation
Reform
Electricity
Hydrogen
PHEV
BEV
Bio-fuel
Diversity
Tank
Efficiency
ICE/HEV
FCEV
Wheel
Every type of vehicle is developed to be compatible with the environment.
However, it is important to select vehicle according to infrastructure.
Summary
27
 Definition of electric and hybrid cars and used technique.
HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), BEV(Battery Electric
Vehicle), FCV(Fuel Cell Vehicle), etc.
 Standards and international, regional, national and technical regulations
of these type of cars.
To ensure safety and environment protection, there are various regulations. For example,
electric shock proof, breaking performance at defect of regeneration break, QRTV, etc.)
 Infrastructure requirements that Saudi Arabia must fulfill to allow the use
of this type of car and the most important obstacles that hinder the use.
The fiscal incentive is the major factor, however lots of local factors seems to exist. (It could
be vehicle manufacturer policy, infrastructure, electric utility actions , and other local policy.
 Are Electric cars suitable for the environment and the climate in Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf Countries?
Manufacturers take effort to develop the products to adapt local situation. However
appropriate type of vehicle selection in conjunction with the local infrastructure is the key.
End of Document
Thank you.