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SPARTA
ATHENS
Geographical Location
South/central Greece
On Peloponnesus
On large plain
Four miles fr Aegean Sea
On peninsula of Attica
Large plain surrounded by mountains;
around acropolis
Language
Greek
Greek
Religion
Gods of Greek mythology
Gods of Greek mythology
Form of Government
Oligarchy
Direct Democracy
Requirements of
Citizenship
Free males; parents were Spartan
Free males; parents were Athenian;
property owners; age 18 or older
Social Structure
Citizens (EQUALS)
Perioeci—“neighbors;” free men, but
not citizens
Slaves (HELOTS)
Citizens
METICS –foreigners
Slaves
Estimated free population 25,000
(adult males)
250,000 (HELOTS)
Estimated slave
population
45,000
75,000
Role of Women
Manage large estates while men at war
Right to own property
Freedom to appear in public
Women stay at home, manage households
Do not appear in public without escort
Training for Boys
At 7, sent to military school
Learned to read, write, use weapons
Trained to be skilled warriors
“State is most important”
Boys attend school; are taught reading,
writing, math, sports, and music
Two years of military training at 18
Training for Girls
Educated
Physical training
Stayed at home and learned household
tasks
Military Strengths
Greece’s most powerful ARMY
(well-trained; full-time)
Greece’s most powerful NAVY
Trade
All trade with foreigners discouraged
Traded silver, olive oil, wine, pottery for
slaves timber, grain
Contributions to history
Bravery and devotion to state
Philosophy, art, architecture, music,
drama