Download Chapter 5-3 Culture and Society in the Roman World

From earlier this chapter
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How had army recruitment changed by the end
of the Roman Republic (pg 152)
What weaknesses did the Roman Republic have
(pg 156)
What leaders formed the 1st Triumvirate?
What leaders formed the 2nd Triumvirate?
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Volunteers came from society’s poor and they
received land for military service
The Roman Empire had gotten too big to
govern, there was a big gap between rich and
poor, and there was much unemployment.
1st – Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar
2nd – Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
Chapter 5-3
Culture and Society in the
Roman World
Roman Art and Architecture
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Greek style influenced Roman art
Roman art focused more on
realistic detail rather than an ideal
(Greek)
Used arch, vault and dome in
architecture
Concrete allowed for more
impressive structures
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Built bridges
Roads (50,000 miles)
Aqueducts (supplied water to over 1
million)
The Romans: Master Road
Builders of the Ancient World
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Romans built 50,000 miles
of paved roads
Appian Way connected all
of Italy (N to S)
Many Roman roads are still
in use today
Enabled trade & commerce
to move efficiently; created
wealth & unified Empire
Allowed efficient movement
of armies to defend the
empire
Roman Literature
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Age of Augustus was the gold
age of Roman Literature
Virgil:
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wrote Aeneid
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Horace:
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Wrote Satires
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Promotes Roman ideals of duty,
piety, and faithfulness to the empire
Attacks greed of people
Livy:
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wrote History of Rome
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142 volumes, only 35 have survived
Good storyteller but not an accurate
historian
The Roman Family
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Family Structure
 Paterfamilias:
 Dominant male leader of the
family
 Wife, children, slaves
Children raised at home
 Taught by Greek slaves
 Education for upper class boys and
girls
At age 16 boys gave up purple-edged
toga for plain white toga (manhood)
 Could marry at 14 but most were
older
Girls married at an early age (12-14)
The Roman Family
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Women:
 Male guardians in public
 Arranged marriages
 Marriage was for life
 Custom of divorce
appeared 3rd century
B.C.
 Men and women
The Roman Family
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Changes in the family
By 2nd century A.D.
Father couldn’t sell his children into slavery
 Couldn’t have them put to death
 Women no longer needed guardians
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Right to own property
 Important role in the home
 Attend events outside of the home (races, theater, etc.)
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Had to sit in separate sections
Couldn’t vote but could influence their husbands
Slavery
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Romans relied on slave labor
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Tutors, musicians, doctors, and
artists (Greeks)
Cooks, valets, waiters, gardeners
Construction, farmers,
Poor living & working conditions
Slave Revolts
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Spartacus 73 B.C. (70,000 slaves)
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Pepsi
Defeated Roman armies before being
executed
Followers were crucified
The City of Rome
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Living Conditions
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Crowded, noisy, and dirty
High crime rates
Huge gap between wealthy and
poor
Wealthy lived in villas
Poor lived in insulae
(apartments)
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Poorly built, prone to collapse
Threat of fires could destroy
sections of the city quickly
Entire families lived in one room
Articles of Roman Life
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Roman Food-- poor ate bread,
beans, lentils, fish; rich ate songbirds
seasoned with spices; sweet wine &
water with meals
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Ate in prone position on right side;
ate with fingers
 Is Last Supper Painting
Accurate?
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Rich enjoyed multi-course banquets;
used vomitoriums to regurgitate and
eat more (up to 5X per sitting)
The City of Rome
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Public Programs
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Grand architecture and public
buildings
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Temples, markets baths, theaters,
government buildings,
amphitheaters
Social Problems
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Vast poverty forced the
government to provide food
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200,000 of 1 million received free
grain
Free entertainment was provided
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Gave the poor an escape from
poor living conditions
Public Programs
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Amphitheater-- gladiator
bouts; executions, mock
battles, wild animals,
religious rituals, blood
sports--Coliseum was most
famous structure.
Hippodrome--chariot
races, horse races
Theater--plays, modeled
after Greek drama
Chariot Racing at The Circus Maximus