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How can I determine meaning
of unknown words? What are
strategies to determine
meaning of unknown words?
What is the purpose of
reference materials (dictionary,
thesaurus, glossary, almanac,
encyclopedia)?
L4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and
phrases based on grades 11–12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a
range of strategies
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of
a sentence, paragraph, or text; a
word’s position or function in a sentence)
as a clue to the meaning of a word
or phrase.
The spy succeeded only because he had a friend on the
inside to abet him.
Joseph always dropped the names of the famous people his father
knew as a way to aggrandize his personal stature.
Such lodging houses have caused more destitution, more beggary
and crime than any other agency I know of.
While eating dinner with the adults, the diffident youth did not
speak for fear of seeming presumptuous
a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of
a sentence, paragraph, or text; a
word’s position or function in a sentence)
as a clue to the meaning of a word
or phrase.
The spy SUCCEEDED only because he had a FRIEND on the
INSIDE to abet him.
Abet = Help
Joseph always dropped the names of the FAMOUS people his father
knew as a way to aggrandize his personal STATURE.
Aggrandize = make larger
Such lodging houses have caused more destitution, more
BEGGARY and CRIME than any other agency I know of.
Destitution = poverty
While eating dinner with the ADULTS, the diffident YOUTH did not
speak for FEAR of seeming PRESUMPTUOUS.
Diffident = shy, respectful
b. Identify and correctly use patterns of
word changes that indicate different
meanings or parts of speech (e.g.,
conceive, conception, conceivable).
Morphemes – Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes
Prefix
Meaning
Example
Anti-
Against
Antisocial,
antifreeze
Bi-
Two
Bifocals, bicycle
Dis-
Away, not
Disgrace,
disconnect
Non-
Not
Nonsense,
nondescript
Pre-
Before
Precede,
preview
Un-
Not
Uninteresting,
unable
Roots
Meaning
Example
Aqua
Water
Aquatics,
aquarium
Ami
Love
Amiable, amity
Bio
Life
Biologist,
antibiotic
Hemo
Blood
Hematologist,
hemoglobin
Geo
Earth
Geography,
geology
Vita
Life
Vitality,
vitamins
Suffix
Meaning
Example
able
Capable of
Believeable,
recognizable
Ish
Have the
characteristics
of
Selfish, foolish
Ly
Sharing
qualities of
Softly, quickly
Ment
Forms nouns
from verbs and
adjectives
Government,
movement,
merriment
Ous
Like
Nervous,
disastrous,
porous
Which of these words has a suffix that means capable of?
a. Unaccountable
b. Natural
c. Conversation
d. Discontented
How does a prefix change the meaning of a word in the following sentence –
It was like some horrible crime committed in a dungeon, all unseen and
unheeded, buried out of sight and of memory.
a. –y changes memorize to a noun
b. -ible changes horror to an adjective
c. -un reverses heeded
d. Com- reverses mit
Which word is an English cognate of French souffrance and Italian
sofferenza?
a. Somehow
b. Suffering
c. Sense
d. Self-confidence
How does the suffix in the word trustingly affect its meaning?
a. It becomes a verb describing how a trusting person acts.
b. It becomes a noun to describe a person who has trust.
c. It becomes an adjective to describe a person who trusts.
d. It becomes an adverb describing someone acting with trust.
What is the root word of monstrous?
a. Mon
b. Monster
c. Monstd. Ous
What prefix could be added to believe to reverse its meaning?
a. bib. Semic. Disd. SubWhat is the root word of questionable?
a. Quest
b. -tion
c. -able
d. question