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Chapter 17 highlights
APES 2015
Mrs. Thompson
Key Ideas
• Describe major categories of human health
risks
• Identify major historical and emerging
infectious diseases
• Describe major classifications of toxic
chemicals
• Explain methods of risk analysis
Human Health Risks
• Rank each of the following causes of death in
order from least to greatest
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HIV/ Aides
Stroke
Automobile accidents
Prematurity
Diabetes
Diarrhea diseases
COPD
Heart Disease
Respiratory infection
• Which of these
are connected to
environmental
factors?
Three Categories of Risks
• Physical
• Biological
• Chemical
• Turn and talk….
• Make a list of possible risks for
each category
Three Categories of Risk
Physical
Biological
Chemical
Natural Disasters
Coliform Bacteria
Pesticides/ Herbicides
Solar Irradiation
Infectious Disease
Cleaning Fluids
Car accidents
Genetic Diseases
Asbestos
Natural Radiation sources
(Radon)
Parasites
Air Pollution
Malnutrition
Heavy Metals
Top Risk Factors
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Acute diseases
Chronic diseases
Unsafe drinking water
Tobacco use
obesity
Poor sanitation
Malnutrition
Sedentary lifestyle
• Which are the top
factors in developed
countries?
• Which are the top
factors in developing
countries?
Infectious Diseases
• Historic
– Plague
– Malaria
– Tuberculosis
• Emerging
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HIV/ AIDS
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Mad Cow Disease
Avian Flu
West Nile Virus
Infectious Disease
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Treatment/
prevention
Environmental
connections
Toxicology-True or False?
• There are about 84,000 chemicals found in
everyday objects
• About 200 chemicals in use today have
undergone testing required by the EPA
• A study of umbilical cord blood found an
average of 232 chemicals present
• Since 1976 the Toxic Substances Control Act
has resulted in the banning of only 5
chemicals
TOP Five?
• Which are banned?
– PCB- flame retardants… many environmental
impacts
– Halogenated CFC- stratospheric ozone depletion
– Dioxin- pesticides
– Asbestos- respiratory issues
– Hexavalent Chromium- Erin Brocovitch….cancer
Five categories of chemicals
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Neurotoxins
Carcinogens
Teratogens
Allergens
Endocrine Disruptors
A. Interfere with normal
hormone function
B. Cancer causing
C. Over-activate the
immune system
D. Interfere with
embryonic
development
E. Disrupt the central
nervous system
Five categories of chemicals
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Neurotoxins
Carcinogens
Teratogens
Allergens
Endocrine Disruptors
A. Insecticides, Mercury,
and Lead
B. Alcohol
C. Birth control pills,
estrogen/ testosterone
and pesticides
D. Asbestos, radon,
formaldehyde, and
tobacco
E. Molds, particulates,
pollen, and foods
Risk Management
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Acute study
Sublethal effects
LD50
Chronic study
Epidemiology
Retrospective study
Prospective study
Synergistic interactions
Routs of exposure
Persistence
• Construct a concept map
for the following terms
Case Study
• What was the purpose behind the selection of
each of the articles?
• Should the US continue using a “innocent until
proven guilty” standard of risk management?
Use at least three text based details to
support your reasoning.
Standards of Risk
• Innocent until proven
guilty principle
• Precautionary principle