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Transcript 
Swing Kompakt
Jan Krüger
[email protected]
Übersicht
• ein Rückblick . . .
• Application vs. Applet
• LayoutManager : FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout, . . .
• Basiskomponenten: Panels, Buttons, TextElemente, Listen, Menüs,
...
• Ereignissteuerung : ActionListener, WindowListener, . . .
• individuelles Zeichnen . . .
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ein Rückblick . . .
• Java 1.0 : AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) - package java.awt.*
• Java 1.1 : OO - Eventhandling - JFC/Swing als AddOn
• seit Java 1.2 : JFC (Java Foundation Classes) oder auch Swing als
Standard GUI - API
Swing Kompakt
AWT
JFC
- nicht OO
- vollständig OO und in Java
- minimales Set an Widgets
- einheitliches Look Feel
- benutzt die OS eigenen Widgets
- Look Feel durch Themes änderbar
- ...
- vergleichsweise langsam
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ein einfaches Applet
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends JApplet {
public void init() {
getContentPane().add(new JLabel("Hello World"));
}
}
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<applet code="HelloWorldApplet" width="200" height="100"></applet>
</body>
</html>
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eine einfache Applikation (1)
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class HelloWorldApplication extends JFrame {
public HelloWorldApplication() {
getContentPane().add(new JLabel("Hello World"));
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
HelloWorldApplication helloworld = new HelloWorldApplication();
HelloWorld.pack();
HelloWorld.show();
}
}
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eine einfache Applikation (2)
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class HelloWorldApplication
{
private JFrame jframe = new JFrame();
public HelloWorldApplication() {
jframe.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("Hello World"));
}
public void run() {
jframe.pack();
jframe.show();
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
HelloWorldApplication helloworld = new HelloWorldApplication();
helloworld.run();
}
}
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Applet vs. Application
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ein Button und . . .
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class MyButton extends JFrame {
JButton button;
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
cp.add(button);
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyButton1 mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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. . . eine einfache Ereignissteuerung
public class MyButton extends JFrame {
JButton button;
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
button.addActionListener(new ActionLister(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Der Button wurde gedrückt!");
}
});
cp.add(button);
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyButton mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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Layout
• JApplet, JFrame, JWindow und JDialog
– produzieren mittels getContentPane() einen Container
– einem Container kann mittels setLayout(LayoutManager)
ein anderes Layout verpaßt werden
• JPanel und andere direkte Unterklassen von JComponent können
direkt mittels setLayout() modifiziert werden.
• typische LayoutManager : BorderLayout, FlowLayout, GridLayout,
GridBagLayout, BoxLayout
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BorderLayout
public class MyBorderLayout extends JFrame{
public MyBorderLayout(){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
cp.add(BorderLayout.NORTH,new JButton("North"));
cp.add(BorderLayout.SOUTH,new JButton("South"));
cp.add(BorderLayout.EAST,new JButton("East"));
cp.add(BorderLayout.WEST,new JButton("West"));
cp.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, new JButton("Center"));
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyBorderLayout test = new MyBorderLayout();
test.pack();
test.show();
}
}
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FlowLayout
public class MyFlowLayout extends JFrame{
public MyFlowLayout(){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
cp.add(new JButton("Button "+i));
}
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyFlowLayout test = new MyFlowLayout();
test.pack();
test.show();
}
}
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GridLayout
public class MyGridLayout extends JFrame{
public MyGridLayout(){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++){
cp.add(new JButton("Button "+i));
}
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyGridLayout test = new MyGridLayout();
test.pack();
test.show();
}
}
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BoxLayout
public class MyBoxLayout extends JFrame {
public MyBoxLayout(){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new BoxLayout(cp,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++){
cp.add(new JButton("Button "+i));
}
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyBoxLayout test = new MyBoxLayout();
test.pack();
test.show();
}
}
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JPanel
• Behälter für andere JComponenten (JPanel, JButtons, JTextField,
...)
• ein JPanel zeichnet nur seinen Hintergrund (default)
• benutzt einen LayoutManager zum JComponenten im JPanel
anzuordnen (default : FlowLayout())
→ häufigste Anwendung : Positionieren von JCompents in JFrame,
JApplet, . . .
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JPanel - Beispiel
JPanel first = new JPanel();
JPanel second = new JPanel();
public MyPanel() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
first.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
first.add(BorderLayout.NORTH,new JButton("North"));
...
first.add(BorderLayout.CENTER,new JButton("Center"));
cp.add(first);
cp.add(new JLabel("ein einfaches Label"));
second.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i){
second.add(new JButton("Label "+i));
}
cp.add(second);
...
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Button
• Basistyp : AbstractButton
• Layout : Text, Icons, . . .
• Klassenabhängigkeiten:
• Ereignis : ActionEvent, Interface : ActionListener
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JButton
public class MyJButton extends JFrame {
public ImageIcon icon;
public MyJButton() {
// Icon
icon = new ImageIcon(getClass.getResource("images/back.png"));
// JButton
JButton a = new JButton("back");
JButton b = new JButton(icon);
JButton c = new JButton("back",icon);
// ----------------------------Container cp = getContentPane();
//cp.setLayout(new FLowLayout());
cp.add(BorderLayout.WEST,a);
cp.add(BorderLayout.CENTER,b);
cp.add(BorderLayout.EAST,c);
}
...
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JToggleButton
public class MyJToggleButton extends JFrame {
public ImageIcon icon;
public MyJToggleButton() {
// Icon
icon = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back.png"));
// JToggleButton
JToggleButton a = new JToggleButton("back");
JToggleButton b = new JToggleButton(icon);
JToggleButton c = new JToggleButton("back",icon);
JToggleButton d = new JToggleButton("back",true);
JToggleButton e = new JToggleButton(icon,true);
JToggleButton f = new JToggleButton("back",icon,true);
// ----------------------------...
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JCheckBox
public MyJCheckBox() {
// Icon
icon[0] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back.png"));
icon[1] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back_over.png"));
icon[2] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back_press.png"));
// JRadioButton
JCheckBox a = new JCheckBox("back");
JCheckBox b = new JCheckBox(icon[0]);
b.setRolloverIcon(icon[1]);
b.setSelectedIcon(icon[2]);
JCheckBox c = new JCheckBox("back",icon[0]);
c.setRolloverIcon(icon[1]);
c.setSelectedIcon(icon[2]);
// ----------------------------...
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JRadioButton
...
public MyJRadioButton() {
// Icons
icon[0] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back.png"));
icon[1] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back_over.png"));
icon[2] = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/back_press.png"));
// JRadioButton
JRadioButton a = new JRadioButton("back");
JRadioButton b = new JRadioButton(icon[0]);
b.setRolloverIcon(icon[1]);
b.setSelectedIcon(icon[2]);
JRadioButton c = new JRadioButton("back",icon[0]);
c.setRolloverIcon(icon[1]);
c.setSelectedIcon(icon[2]);
// JButtonGroup
ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(a);
bg.add(b);
bg.add(c);
...
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Text Elemente
• JLabel - durch den Benutzer unveränderlich
• JTextField - einzeiliges Textfeld
• JTextArea - mehrzeiliges Textfeld
• ähnliche Methoden zum Verändern des Inhalts :
– setText(String) : void
– getText(void) : String
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JLabel
public class MyJLabel extends JFrame{
JLabel label = new JLabel("");
public MyJLabel (){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.add(label);
label.setText("Dies ist ein Label ...");
String text = label.getText();
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyJLabel myjlabel = new MyJLabel();
myjlabel.pack();
myjlabel.show();
}
}
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JTextField
public class MyJTextField extends JFrame{
JTextField textfield = new JTextField(30);
public MyJTextField (){
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.add(textfield);
textfield.setText("Dies ist ein JTextField ...");
String text = textfield.getText();
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyJTextField myjtf = new MyJTextField();
myjtf.pack();
myjtf.show();
}
}
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JComboBox
public class MyJComboBox extends JFrame {
JComboBox jcombobox = new JComboBox();
String [] elements = {"eins", "zwei", "drei", "vier", "..."};
public MyJComboBox() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; ++i) {
jcombobox.addItem(elements[i]);
}
// jcombobox.setEditable(true);
cp.add(jcombobox);
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyJComboBox myjb = new MyJComboBox();
myjb.pack();
myjb.show();
}
}
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JList
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MyJList extends JFrame {
private String [] elements = {"eins", "zwei", "drei", "vier", "..."};
private JList jlist = new JList(elements);
public MyJList() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
cp.add(jlist);
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyJList myjl = new MyJList();
myjl.pack();
myjl.show();
}
}
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Menüs
public class MyJMenu extends JFrame{
private JMenuBar jmenubar = new JMenuBar();
private JMenu jmenu1 = new JMenu("Menue 1");
private JMenu jmenu2 = new JMenu("Menue 2");
private JMenuItem item1 = new JMenuItem("MenueItem 1");
private JMenuItem item2 = new JMenuItem("MenueItem 2");
public MyJMenu() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
jmenu1.add(item1);
jmenu1.add(item2);
jmenubar.add(jmenu1);
jmenubar.add(jmenu2);
cp.add(jmenubar);
}
public static void main (String [] args) {
MyJMenu test = new MyJMenu();
test.pack();
test.show();
}
}
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Ereignissteuerung
• eine Komponente kann ein Ereignis (Event) auslösen
• jedes Event wird durch eine Klasse repräsentiert (z.B.
ActionListener
• eine ausgelöstes Event kann durch ein oder mehrere “Listener”
verarbeitet werden
• → strikte Trennung von Quelle des Events und Ziel der
Verarbeitung ist möglich (und häufig sinnvoll)
• ähnliche Methoden zum Hinzufügen und Entfernen von Listenern :
addXXXListener(XXXListener) und removeXXXListener()
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Listener als anonyme Klasse
public class MyButton extends JFrame {
JButton button;
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
button.addActionListener(new ActionLister(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Der Button wurde gedrückt!");
}
});
cp.add(button);
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyButton mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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. . . externe Klasse
public class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Der Button wurde gedrückt!");
}
}
public class MyButton extends JFrame {
JButton button;
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
button.addActionListener(new MyActionLister());
cp.add(button);
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyButton mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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. . . eigene interne Klasse
public class MyButton extends JFrame {
JButton button;
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Der Button wurde gedrückt!");
}
}
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
button.addActionListener(new MyActionLister());
cp.add(button);
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyButton mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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. . . in der Klasse
public class MyButton extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
JButton button;
public MyButton() {
Container cp = getContentPane();
button = new JButton("Button 1");
button.addActionListener(new MyActionLister());
cp.add(button);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Der Button wurde gedrückt!");
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyButton mybutton = new MyButton();
mybutton.pack();
mybutton.show();
}
}
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Events und Listener Typen
ActionEvent, ActionListener,
addActionListener(ActionListener),
removeActionListener()
ItemEvent, ItemListener,
addItemListener(ItemListener),
removeItemListener()
MouseEvent, MouseListener,
addMouseListener(MouseListener),
removeMouseListener()
TextEvent, TextListener,
addTextListener(TextListener),
removeTextListener()
WindowEvent, WindowListener,
addWindowListener(WindowListener),
removeWindowListener()
AbstractButton und alle Abkömmlinge
(JButton, JRadioButton, JCheckboxButton,
JMenuItem, . . .
JCheckBox, JComboBox, JList, . . .
Components und Abkömmlinge
alle Abkömmlinge von
(JTextArea, JTextField . . . )
JTextComponent
Window und Abkömmlinge (JFrame, JDialog,
JFileDialog)
+ AdjustmentListener, ComponentListener, ContainerListener, KeyListener,
MousMotionListener, . . .
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Ausblick
• Text Widgets : JPasswordField, JFormatedTextField, . . .
• Button Widgets : JRadioButtonMenuItem, JCheckboxMenuItem,
JSpinner . . .
• JDialogs : JFileChooser, JColorChooser, JDialog, . . .
• JPanes : JTabbedPane, JSplitPane, JDesktopPane, JEditorPane,
JTextPane . . .
• JTooltip, JSlider, JProgressBar, . . .
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Individuelles Zeichnen
• individuelles Zeichnen - einfach ?
• zwei Ansätze : Graphics und Graphics2d
getGraphics()
oder
paintComponent
und repaint()
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Überschreiben von paintComponent
public class ModifiedPanel extends JPanel {
public ModifiedPanel(){
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
...
}
public Dimension getMinimumSize(){
return new Dimension(100,410);
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return getMinimumSize();
}
}
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einige Funktionen von Graphics
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.GRAY);
g.draw3DRect(20,10,60,30,true);
g.draw3DRect(20,50,60,30,false);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawArc(20,90,60,30,0,180);
g.drawLine(20,110,80,120);
g.drawOval(20,130,60,30);
g.drawRect(20,170,60,30);
g.drawString("Hello World",20,220);
g.setColor(Color.GRAY);
g.fill3DRect(20,230,60,30,true);
g.fill3DRect(20,270,60,30,false);
g.fillArc(20,310,60,30,0,180);
g.fillOval(20,330,60,30);
g.fillRect(20,370,60,30);
}
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Java2D
Graphics2D extends Graphics
• seit Java 1.2
• einheitliches Rendering Modell für verschiedene Ausgabegeräte
• grosse Auswahl von geometrischen ,,Primitiven”
• Mechanismen um Kollision (Überlappung) zu verarbeiten
• erweitertes Farbmodell
• (HW-Beschleunigung)
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Graphics2D
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
java.awt.geom.*;
javax.swing.*;
...
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setPaint(Color.lightgray);
g2.draw3DRect(0, 0, d.width - 1, d.height - 1, true);
g2.draw3DRect(3, 3, d.width - 7, d.height - 7, false);
...
}
...
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einige Funktionen von Graphics2
vgl. MyGraphics2.java
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Literatur
• Folien und Beispiele:
http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/ jkrueger/education
• Java Dokumentation (Package javax.swing) :
file:///vol/jdk/docs/api/javax/swing/package-summary.html
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/
• The Swing Tutorial :
file:///vol/java/share/doc/tutorial/uiswing/index.html
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/index.html
• Thinking in Java, 3rd Edition :
http://www.mindview.net/Books/TIJ/
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Ende
ENDE
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