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World Religions
 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations,
societies and regions(e.g. oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and
architecture)
 6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and
regions (e.g. beliefs, practices and spread of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism,
Hinduism, Islam and Judaism)
 6.C.1.3 Summarize systems of social structure within various civilizations and
societies over time (e.g. Roman class structure, Indian caste systems and feudal,
matrilineal and patrilineal societies)
 Topics: religion, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism,
Confucianism, Baha’i, Cultural identity, social classes
Concepts: Beliefs and Cultural Identity
Outcomes: Influence of belief systems
on culture; understanding of the major
world religions and their
interconnectedness
1. What factors contribute to people developing social structure based on
belief systems and how does geography contribute to such structuring?
2. What major belief systems emerged in the Ancient time period?
3. What are the five major World Religions and how are they
alike/different?
4. How have belief systems structured governments, drawn boundaries,
united civilizations, and divided society?
5. Do belief systems unite or divide people?
6. How do the movements of people and ideas (cultural diffusion) affect
world history?
Religion has always been a major part of culture, influencing governments, families,
daily habits, and more.
Conflict can break out when people feel their religion is threatened.
Religion can provide a code of behavior in a person’s relationship with other
people. (Watch for the “Golden Rule” in the presentation.)
World religions provide a reference point/connection for civilizations, cultures and
region development.
Religious beliefs can cause conflict between groups of people.
Social class systems may lead to inequality of wealth and access to important
resources.
Cultural identity of an individual may include various religious beliefs.
The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions
Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter"
Research question:
What is the golden rule in the major world religions?
http://www.teachingvalues.com/goldenrule.html
The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions
Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter"
Christianity
Judaism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
HTTP://WWW.TEACHINGVALUES.COM/GOLDENRULE.HTML
The Universality of the Golden Rule in the World Religions
Adapted from "The Christopher Newsletter"
Christianity
So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this
is the Law and the Prophets. Matthew 7:12
Confucianism
Do not do to others what you would not like yourself. Then there will be no
resentment against you, either in the family or in the state.
Analects 12:2
Buddhism
Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful.
Udana-Varga 5,1
Hinduism
This is the sum of duty; do naught onto others what you would not have them
do unto you.
Mahabharata 5,1517
Islam
No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he
desires for himself.
Sunnah
Judaism
What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellowman. This is the entire Law; all
the rest is commentary.
Talmud, Shabbat 3id
 http://wri.leaderu.com/wri-table2/table2.html
How to Use a World Religions Index Table -- You can access information three different ways using the World Religions
Index tables: (1) Study a religion/religious philosophy by selecting it from the far left column of the table. (2) Study by subject
category by selecting one of the categories in the top row of the table. (3) Or, go directly to a subject within a particular religion
or religious philosophy by selecting the arrows that match up between the religion/religious philosophy and the subject category.
TABLE 2
Introduction
God
Man/Universe
Salvation/Afterlife
Morals
Worship
Biblical
Christianity
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Buddhism
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Hinduism
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Islam
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Judaism
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 Religion helps people get a better sense of the
world they live in and it also helps them guide their
lives.
 When someone is part of a religion they recognize
one main deity, many deities, or in some cases they
don’t worship a deity at all.
 Atheist -disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
 http://massivedynamic.hubpages.com/hub/The-5-Major-Religions-of-the-World
Monotheism is the belief in a one God.
Polytheism is the belief in several gods.
The word monotheism comes from the Greek monos, which means
one, and theos, which means god.
The term polytheism is based on the Greek roots poly, which means
many, and theos, which means god.
http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_theism_mono.htm
Monotheism is practiced by Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism (some
sects), Sikhism, Baha'i, and others.
Polytheism is practiced by Buddhism, Hinduism (some sects) Shinto, and
others.
 Polytheism = poly + theism
 Monotheism = mono + theism
 What does the root word mean?
 What does the prefix mean?
 Democracy - government by the people; a form of
government in which the supreme power is vested
in the people and exercised directly by them or by
their elected agents under a free electoral system.
 Theocracy- a form of government in which God or a
deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the
God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the
ecclesiastical authorities
World religion
Symbol
Name the religion represented by each icon.
http://www.religious-symbols.net/
Word bank: Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Taoist/Confucianism
Discussion question – groups and/or whole group
How does my knowledge of world religions connect to my life in the 21st Century?
 http://d3tt741pwxqwm0.cloudfront.net/WGBH/sj14/sj14-int-religmap/index.html
 Based on this map, how
would you compare and
contrast the religions on
different continents?
 Comparing and
contrasting of different
locations follows the
geographic theme of
REGIONS.
There are some religions that have similarities
with each other and there are others that are as
different as day and night.
In the world today there are five main religions
which have the largest number of followers. These
religions are Judaism, Christianity, Islam,
Buddhism, and Hinduism.
 Judaism started in Israel in the Middle East.
 Judaism has spread to all parts of the world (movement) because of
the Jewish people wanting to move (pull) and also because they
were pushed out of their homes or conquered and taken into
captivity.
 Judaism is based on the existence of one God, Yahweh.
 The Patriarchs (leaders): Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (“Israel”) –
 origins of the Hebrew people (more than 3,800 years ago)
 Enslaved in ancient Egypt and led to freedom by Moses
 (more than 3,300 years ago)
 Judaism’s holy writings, known as the Torah, reveal how
God has been present with them throughout time.
 In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Jerusalem which
is where their ancient temple stood.
 Probably the 2 most important event in Judaism are the
Diaspora, the forcing out and scattering of the Jewish
people from their homeland.
 https://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/
imaps/AC_10_345_diaspora/AC_10_345_diaspora.html
 and the Holocaust of World War II (about 1941-1945),
when over 6 million European Jews were killed.
Jewish communities today continue
synagogue worship which includes readings
and prayers from the Torah.
Generally, Jews aren’t missionaries but they’re
always looking for newcomers.
 Christianity is the most widely distributed religion in the
world with a total membership of over 2 billion people.
Christianity came from Judaism and it is claimed that
Jesus fulfilled many promises of the Hebrew Scripture;
known as the Old Testament by Christians.
 Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus
Christ whose life is written in the New Testament.
 The New Testament includes First hand, eye-witness
accounts tell about Jesus’ life.
 Those who wrote the Gospels recall Jesus’ days on Earth
with the miracle of resurrection from the dead on the
first Easter after he was crucified.
 The apostles of Jesus became the first church in
Jerusalem.
 Throughout the centuries missionary activity has
helped spread Christianity to most parts of the world.
 Islam is a major world religion which was founded in Arabia.
 Jerusalem is considered a sacred site because it holds the
location of the first Qibla.
 the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays
 Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is also
known as a Prophet.
 At age 25 Muhammad joined a caravan from Mecca, Islam’s holy
city to Syria. During this trip he realized the true suffering of
people.
 He lived in the desert to have quiet time to think. At age 40, he
believed his mission was to change religion. He was ridiculed
by the people in his home country so he went to a different
place to make changes.
 Muhammad’s followers, called Muslims, regarded him as the
prophet of Allah.
 The five primary duties of Islam ( 5 pillars of Islam) are:
 1.Profession of faith
 2.Prayer performed five times a day
 3.Almsgiving (charity) to the poor
 4.Fasting during daylight hours in the month of Ramadan
ninth month in the Islamic calendar. It is a period of prayer,
fasting, charity-giving and self-accountability for Muslims in the
United States.
 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.
Sources of Islamic doctrine and practice are
the:
Koran(Qur’an) - the holy book,
Sunnah - the way of life prescribed as
normal for Muslims on the basis of the
teachings and practices of Muhammad and
interpretations of the Koran
Northern Africa
 Buddhism was founded in India.
 It is based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama who is also
known as Buddha.
 Gautama was 24 years old when he realized how empty his life
was so he practiced self-denial to see if he could find solutions for
the struggles of mankind.
 He is called “The Enlightened One” because he was
enlightened while meditating under a Bodhi tree and began to
teach people about his new spiritual understanding.
 Gautama had Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
 He taught people about his doctrine of “Karma” which is
made up of a person’s acts and their consequences.
 Good deeds are rewarded, evil deeds are punished.
Karma determines one’s position in live. Karma can lead
to different types of rebirth.
 The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to attain Nirvana, an
enlightened state in which greed, hatred, and ignorance
have been overcome.
 Buddha believed that existence consisted of a cycle of
rebirth called reincarnation.
 Hinduism is the main religion in India. The people worship in
temples.
 Hinduism has no founder; it originated in the religious practices
of Aryan tribes who migrated into India from central Asia over
3,000 years ago.
 The Aryan society developed the caste system which ranked
people based on their occupation
 Highest caste: Brahmin – priests
 Kshatriya – military, professional, ruling
 Vaishya - landowners, merchants, and business occupations
 Sudra - artisans, laborers, and peasants
 Harijahns – untouchables – rejects of society
 The caste system was outlawed in 1948 by the Indian
government.
 Hindus can be a monotheist, a polytheist, or an antitheist.
 The most ancient sacred texts of Hinduism are called the Vedas
and are written in Sanskrit.
 They introduced the doctrine of karma.
 Hinduism is based on the concept of reincarnation.
Reincarnation means coming back to life in another form.
 The social standing of the person at rebirth depends on the
moral behavior the person had in its previous life (karma).
What kind of wars are being fought today by
any of these religious groups?
2,500,000,000
2,000,000,000
1,500,000,000
1,000,000,000
500,000,000
0
Members:
Members in the World's Major Religions
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Sikhism
Baha'i
Confucianism
Shintoism
Christianity –Bible, Old Testament and New
Testament
Hinduism - Vedas
Islam - Koran (Arabic, al-Qur'an)
Judaism – Torah, Old Testament of the Bible
Buddhism - Tipitaka
 Abraham
 Buddha
 Jesus
 Muhammad
Abraham with son Isaac
Muhammad
Buddhism’s
Buddha
Christian
Jesus
Hinduism does
not have a
single founder.
 Religious Observances (left) and Associated Faiths (right)
 January Oshogatsu Shintoism
February Rissun Shintoism
 March Naw-Ruz Baha'i Tomb Sweeping Day Taoism Hola Mohalla Sikhism
Chunga Choepa Buddhism
 April Rivdan Baha'i Easter Christianity Vaisakhi Day Sikhism
 May Dragon Boat Festival Taoism Vesak Buddhism
 Summer Ramadan Islam
September Ganesh Chaturthi Hinduism
Rosh HaShanah Judaism
 October Yom Kippur Judaism Diwali Hinduism
 November Hajj Islam
December Christmas Christianity
 See more at: http://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/world-religions-multicultural-
diversity.shtml#sthash.pF4IWGlX.dpuf
HTTP://WWW.KIDZWORLD.COM/ARTICLE/4019-HOLY-CITIES-OF-THE-WORLD
Go to this site. Name the city and
write a caption for each of these
cities. Why is one city sacred to
more than one religion? Which
religions are all connected to the
city marked with the *?
*
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Muslim
Judaism
Buddhism
Sikhism
Atheism
Confucianism
Baha’I
Shintoism
Each person will define their words. Mrs. Henrie will give technical assistance if necessary. Definitions must
be clear and easy to understand. When you have completed your definitions, have them checked by Mrs.
Henrie. You will be sharing on or two of your definitions with the class so make sure you can read and you
understand your definitions.
Tier 1
Tier 1 cont.
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 3 cont.
Religion-1
Important-4
Divine-3
Polytheism-3
Sikhism-3
Story-1
Pray-4
Myth-3
Monotheism-3
Atheism-3
Leader-2
Follow-1
Prophet-4
Christianity-4
Confucianism-4
Book-2
War-2
Sacred-4
Hinduism-4
Baha’i-4
Belief-3
Holy-2
Loyalty-1
Islam-1
Shintoism-2
Worship-1
Muslim-1
Theocracy-1
Culture-2
Judaism-2
Conflict -2
Buddhism-2
Fight-3
 Create a Venn Diagram to compare/contrast 2 of the 5 major World Religions!
 Use your study guide and the web site on slide # 15!!!
Religion#1
Religion #2
 Example: Abraham was told to take his family and move away
from his home in Mesopotamia. They settled on the
Mediterranean Sea. (Why?)
 Famine in the land caused the family to move to Egypt.
 This family started to become very powerful. They had healthy
babies and the people worked hard.
 The ruler of Egypt worried that they would get stronger than
him so he made them all slaves.
 In the 1200s BC, their leader (Moses) led his people out of
Egypt. Their release from slavery gave slaves in our South hope
that one day they would also be free.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JNCS27rtQ8 (“Go Down,
Moses”)

Ancient Civilizations through the Renaissance, Holt McDougal, 2012