Download Life ch 6 Review - Evolution What was Lamark`s theory of evolution

Life ch 6 Review - Evolution
What was Lamark’s theory of evolution called? What does it state? (1809)
Theory of acquired characteristics. Any change that occurs during a parent’s lifetime can
be passed on to offspring.
What are the 5 pieces of evidence for evolution and what are examples of each?
1. homologous structures – have similar functions and structures (muscles, tendons,
connections…) from one species to another. Human arm, dog leg, bird/bat wing, whale
fin
2. DNA – inherited genes from ancestors, how characteristics are passed on. We share
98% of our DNA with chimpanzees.
3. vestigial structure – body parts that our ancestors used before but they no longer serve
a purpose, evolving to not have them, appendix. Pelvis bone in whales and manatees.
4. embryo(logy) – similarities between humans and fish and chickens when developing
suggest that we show our evolutionary history as we develop.
5. fossils – lived in past are different from what we see today but they show us
similarities and progressions from one form to another.
What are the 5 tenets of Darwin’s theory of evolution? (1859 On the Origin of Species)
1. organisms produce more offspring than can survive
2. variations occur among individuals of a species
3. variations are passed from parent to offspring
4. some variations help individuals survive and reproduce better than others
5. over time the more helpful variations become more common in a population
Explain “natural selection” and “survival of the fittest”.
Animals with different variations that are better and more adapted (suited) to their
environment are more likely to survive and pass on that variation. Individuals not well
suited will not survive and therefore shouldn’t pass on that unhelpful variation.
What is gradualism? Give an example.
Evolution that happens over a long period of time. development of sea to land
organisms.
What is punctuated equilibrium? Give an example.
Evolution that happens rapidly in a few generations. Explains gaps in fossil records.
Black and white peppered moths. Antibiotic resistant bacteria
How can variations evolve in a population?
Isolation, immigration/emigration, random mutation
What does the theory of Intelligent Design state?
Some physical characteristics are too complex to have evolved little by little over time in
pieces (irreducibly complex) so an intelligent designer must have put it together.
Implies that there is a God that creates when he/she wants to make changes.
INCORRECT!!!
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? Give examples.
Micro- small changes within a species – breeding dogs
Macro – large changes from one species to another – change from sea to land animals
What characteristics make the following different?
Astralopithecus – cannibals, 3-4mya, walked on 4 legs but could have done 2 like
gorillas. Short, hairy, Africa, 2nd oldest human ancestor (Paranthropus 1.5-2.5)
Ardipithecus – Ethiopia, short, 4.4-5.5mya, canine teeth (ate meat and veggies), bipedal,
Homo erectus first to walk on 2 legs upright
Homo habilis first to use complex tools
Homo neandertalensis – not our direct ancestor but lived at the same time as us and we
outcompeted them to survive. Buried their dead, lived in families, first to have clothes
and language