Download Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
____
____
1. Organisms living near deep sea volcanic vents capture energy for food production from hydrogen sulfide in a
process called
a. photosynthesis
c. respiration
b. chemosynthesis
d. transpiration
2. Which row best describes the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Row
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
A.
Absorbs carbon dioxide and
Releases carbon dioxide and water,
water for the production of light which are converted into chemical
energy.
energy.
B.
Absorbs carbon dioxide and
Releases carbon dioxide and oxygen
oxygen in the synthesis of food
from food molecules.
molecules.
C.
Converts light energy into food
Converts food molecules, such as
molecules such as glucose and
glucose and starch, into chemical
starch.
energy.
D.
Converts light energy into
Releases chemical energy from
chemical energy to be stored in
glucose and other foods for use by
glucose and other foods.
cells.
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
3. Carbon cycles through the biotic and abiotic parts of the biosphere. Carbon atoms enter and leave the
atmosphere in CO2 molecules. Which of the following rows correctly identifies some factors which
contribute to these processes?
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
____
Carbon enters the atmosphere
Fossil fuel combustion
Photosynthesis
Weathering of limestone rocks
Respiration
Carbon leaves the atmosphere
Photosynthesis
Decay of plant matter
Respiration
Fossil fuel combustion
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
4. The water cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that is connected closely with the cycling of other substances.
Which of the following processes in the water cycle is connected with the cycling of phosphorus?
a. Transpiration
c. Runoff
b. Evaporation
d. Precipitation
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Name: ________________________
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____
____
____
____
ID: A
5. Use the following information to answer the next question.
About 3.8 billion years ago, the primitive atmosphere on earth consisted of
methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. There was no
atmospheric oxygen because it was chemically combined in Earth’s crust in
compounds such as iron oxide.
Scientists speculate that without life on earth, the composition of the atmosphere would be about 98% carbon
dioxide. What biological process has greatly reduced the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
a. Metabolism
c. Respiration
b. Photosynthesis
d. Decomposition
6. The rate at which various substances cycle through nutrient reservoirs varies. Which of the following is an
example of slow cycling of nutrients?
a. Nitrogenous wastes being excreted by animals.
b. Carbon moving from consumer to decomposer.
c. Mineral nutrients dissolving from rocks deposits.
d. Atmospheric oxygen being used in cellular respiration.
7. Which of the following is part of a rapid recycling pathway of carbon?
a. Dead marine organism on the ocean flow forms petroleum deposits.
b. Calcium carbonate from clam shells becomes limestone rock.
c. Carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water.
d. Coal is formed as dead trees become fossilized.
8. Use the following information to answer the next question.
Carbon sinks are the reservoirs where more carbon has been absorbed more
rapidly than it has been emitted. The trees in forests and phytoplankton in
oceans are examples of carbon sinks.
The largest carbon sink on Earth is found in the
a. atmosphere
c. fossil fuel deposits
b. forests
d. ocean
9. Use the following information to answer the next question.
Nitrogen is an essential part of the proteins and DNA of organisms. Although
nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, it is unavailable for
use by organisms in its gaseous form. Only when nitrogen is absorbed by
beneficial bacteria in the roots of legumes does it enter the pathways that carry
it through biological communities.
The processes of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen first into ammonium ions (NH4+) and then into nitrates
(NO3–) are called respectively
a. nitrogen fixation and denitrification
b. nitrogen fixation and nitrification
c. ammonification and nitrification
d. ammonification and denitrification
2
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 10. Use the following information to answer the next question.
Nitrogen is an essential part of the proteins and DNA of organisms. Although
nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, it is unavailable for
use by organisms in its gaseous form. Only when nitrogen is absorbed by
beneficial bacteria in the roots of legumes does it enter the pathways that carry
it through biological communities.
Crop rotation is a common farming method in which legume crops are alternated with nonlegumes from
season to season. In this way, the nitrogen nutrients in the soil that were used by the nonlegumes crops are
replenished. Which of the following plants is a legume?
a. Wheat
c. Clover
b. Corn
d. Barley
____ 11. The growth of algae in healthy aquatic ecosystems is limited by available nutrients. Overgrowth of algae or
algal blooms are caused by polluting lakes and streams with excess
a. sulfur (sulfates)
c. nitrogen (nitrates)
b. phosphorus (phosphates)
d. carbon (carbonates)
____ 12. Most substances that move in biochemical cycles travel through the atmosphere as well as through soil and
water. Which of the following cycles involve only soil and water?
a. Phosphorus cycle
c. Nitrogen cycle
b. Carbon cycle
d. Sulfur cycle
____ 13. Which row correctly identifies the terms needed to fill in the blanks in the following statement?
Denitrification is the process by which ___i___ is converted to ___ii___.
Row
A
B
C
D
i
nitrate
nitrogen
nitrogen
nitrite
ii
nitrogen
nitrate
nitrite
nitrate
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 14. Bacteria play an important role in both carbon and nitrogen cycles. Which row correctly identifies the role of
bacteria in each cycle?
Row
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
A.
Decomposition of organic matter Nitrogen fixation
B.
Ammonification
Nitrification
C.
Absorption of carbon dioxide
Production of methane
D.
Storage of matter in carbon sinks Nitrogen fixation
a.
b.
A
B
c.
d.
3
C
D
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 15. Increasing the productivity of poor quality soil can be accomplished in a various ways. Gardeners and
farmers may add commercial fertilizer or combine compost and manure with the soil. They may also plant
legumes for one season. All of these methods are effective because they
a. increase the number of beneficial soil bacteria
b. improve soil texture and moisture content
c. add nitrate ions to the soil
d. add ammonium ions to the soil
____ 16. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration account for the balance of ___i___ and ___ii___ gases in the
atmosphere. The statement given above is completed by the information in row
Row
i
ii
A.
nitrogen
sulphur
B.
carbon dioxide
oxygen
C.
oxygen
nitrogen
D.
sulphur dioxide
carbon dioxide
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 17. The nodules present in the roots of a clover plant contain bacteria that convert ___i___ into ___ii___. The
statement above is completed by the information in row:
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
ammonium
nitrogen
nitrate
nitrate
ii
nitrogen
ammonium
nitrite
nitrogen
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 18. Producers in terrestrial ecosystems undergo ___i___ while producers in deep-sea vent ecosystems undergo
___ii___. The statement given above is completed by the information in row
Row
i
ii
A.
respiration
photosynthesis
B.
photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
C.
chemosynthesis
photosynthesis
D.
chemosynthesis
respiration
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 19. All the biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere are dependent on the presence of water. Which property of
water makes it so important in biogeochemical cycles?
a. Heat capacity
c. Solvency
b. Surface tension
d. Boiling point
4
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 20. Use the following information to answer the next question.
Biogeochemical cycles in the cold Arctic and Antarctic regions continue to
function properly because water on the surface freezes, while that below the
surface does not freeze.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
____ 24.
Which property of water is responsible for this phenomenon?
a. High heat capacity of water
b. Surface tension of water
c. Water at 0 °C is lighter than water at 4 °C
d. High solvency of water
Even though a large amount of CO2 is withdrawn from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis, the
level of CO2 in the atmosphere is not depleted. Which of the following processes adds CO2 to the
atmosphere?
a. Digestion
c. Osmoregulation
b. Excretion
d. Respiration
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration help maintain a balance between two gases. Which two gases do they
help to balance?
a. Nitrogen and sulphur dioxide
c. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
b. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen
d. Oxygen and nitrogen
Millions of years ago, conditions on Earth were not suitable for most life forms. This was due to the lack of
which gas in the atmosphere?
a. CO2
c. N2
b. O2
d. NO2
More than 97% of water in the biosphere exists in liquid form. Water in comparison with other liquids has a
relatively ___i___ boiling point and a ___ii___ melting point. The statement given above is completed by the
information in row:
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
high
low
low
high
ii
low
low
high
high
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 25. From which compound do photosynthetic organisms obtain nitrogen?
a. N2
c. NO3+
b. NH5
d. none of the above
____ 26. Which kind of energy is stored in foods?
a. chemical
c. thermal
b. kinetic
d. radiant
____ 27. Dissolving of minerals from rocks is known as _____.
a. acid rain
c. decomposition
b. leaching
d. estivation
5
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 28. The alternate planting of soil-enriching and soil-depleting crops on an area of land is _____.
a. crop rotation
c. terracing
b. strip cropping
d. the greenhouse effect
____ 29. Rain is normally slightly acidic because _____.
a. carbon dioxide in the air combines with water to form carbonic acid
b. sulfuric and nitric acid are being dumped into the atmosphere
c. prevailing winds are responsible for the increased acidity
d. the chemical reaction forming water occurs only with a low pH
____ 30. Planting legumes during crop rotation aids soil fertility because _____.
a. legumes add natural fertilizers to the soil when they die
b. legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that restore nitrates to the soil
c. legumes do not use any of the nutrients present in the soil
d. legumes use reverse osmosis to replace nutrients in the soil
____ 31. The destruction of forests ______ the greenhouse effect.
a. is encouraging
c. is stopping
b. is slowing down
d. has no influence on
____ 32. _____ is/are chemicals used to kill unwanted organisms in plants.
a. Nutrients
c. Pesticides
b. Ozone
d. Chlorofluorocarbons
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ID: A
Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: B
Chemosynthesis is the process by which living organisms capture energy for food production.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A1.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Energy flow
2. ANS: D
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of the food molecules and
those bonds are broken during respiration, releasing metabolic energy.
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
LOC: 20–A1.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Energy flow | Photosynthesis | Cellular respiration
3. ANS: A
The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, while photosynthesis removes it.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Carbon cycle | Biogeochemical cycle
4. ANS: C
Runoff is the process in the water cycle that transports phosphorus from land into bodies of water.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Water cycle | Biogeochemical cycle
5. ANS: B
Photosynthesis is the process that reduces carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A3.3k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Geological evidence | Change in atmospheric composition
6. ANS: C
The release of minerals from rocks by weathering and erosion is an example of slow cycling of nutrients.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
7. ANS: C
Carbon dissolves rapidly in ocean water.
PTS:
TOP:
8. ANS:
TOP:
1
DIF: Average
LOC: 20–A2.1k
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
1
KEY: Biogeochemical cycle
KEY: Carbon cycle
LOC: 20–A2.1k
KEY: Carbon cycle
ID: A
9. ANS: B
Gaseous nitrogen is converted by nitrogen fixing bacteria into ammonium, which is then changed by
nitrifying bacteria into nitrates.
PTS: 1
DIF: Average
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Nitrogen cycle
10. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Nitrogen cycle
11. ANS: B
Algal blooms are caused due to an excessive amounts of phosphorus.
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
12. ANS: A
Phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere.
KEY: Phosphorus cycle
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Phosphorus cycle
13. ANS: A
The process by which the nitrates are reduced to nitrogen is known as denitrification.
PTS: 1
DIF: Average
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Nitrogen cycle
14. ANS: A
Bacteria decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. They also convert
atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ions (nitrogen fixation).
PTS: 1
DIF: Average
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Carbon cycle
15. ANS: D
Ammonium ions can be added through commercial fertilizers, use of compost, or crop rotation with legumes.
16.
17.
18.
19.
PTS: 1
DIF: Average
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Nitrogen cycle
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A3.2k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Gases
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Nitrogen cycle
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A1.1k
TOP: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
KEY: Photosynthesis | Chemosynthesis
ANS: C
Water is a universal solvent and dissolves many materials. This property makes water an indispensable part
of the biogeochemical cycle.
PTS:
TOP:
20. ANS:
TOP:
1
DIF: Easy
LOC: 20–A2.2k
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
2
KEY: Solvency
LOC: 20–A2.2k
KEY: Properties of water
ID: A
21. ANS:
TOP:
22. ANS:
TOP:
23. ANS:
TOP:
24. ANS:
TOP:
25. ANS:
TOP:
26. ANS:
TOP:
27. ANS:
TOP:
28. ANS:
TOP:
29. ANS:
TOP:
30. ANS:
TOP:
31. ANS:
TOP:
32. ANS:
TOP:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Average
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
3
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20–A3.2k
Atmospheric composition
20–A3.2k
Atmospheric composition
20–A3.3k
Atmospheric composition
20–A2.2k
Melting and boiling points of water
20–A
Nitrogen cycle
20–A
Chemical energy
20–A
Leaching
20–A
Crop rotation
20–A
Acid rain
20–A
Soil
20–A
Forest destruction | Global warming
20–A
Pesticides