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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 32-1 REVIEW
THE NATURE OF ANIMALS
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. vertebrate _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. ingestion _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. dorsal nerve cord _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. cephalization ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Which of the following statements accurately describes animals?
a. All animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell
walls.
b. All animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some lack
cell walls.
c. Some animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack
cell walls.
d. Some animals are multicellular, some are heterotrophic, and some
lack cell walls.
_____ 2. An animal’s ability to move results from the interrelationship between
a. dermal tissue and vascular tissue. c. nervous tissue and muscle
tissue.
b. vascular tissue and nervous tissue. d. muscle tissue and ground
tissue.
_____ 3. Scientists infer that the first invertebrates evolved from
a. simple vertebrates.
c. loosely connected fungi.
b. large groups of bacteria.
d. colonial protists.
_____ 4. Cephalization is associated with
a. bilaterally symmetrical animals.
b. radially symmetrical animals.
c. sponges.
d. hydras.
_____ 5. A body cavity aids in an animal’s movement by
a. anchoring the animal firmly to objects in its environment.
b. providing a firm structure against which muscles can contract.
c. giving rise to muscle tissue during embryonic development.
d. secreting a fluid that allows the animal to glide over surfaces.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
177
The Nature of Animals
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Explain the relationship between differentiation and specialization.
___________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. On what basis do taxonomists group animals into phyla?
__________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why is cephalization important to animals? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Name three functions of a coelom. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Critical Thinking Why is it important for a taxonomist to look at patterns of
development when trying to classify animals? __________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the drawing of a prairie dog shown
below, label the animal’s anterior and posterior ends and its dorsal and
ventral sides in spaces a–d.
What type of symmetry does this animal have? _________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
178
The Nature of Animals
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 32-2 REVIEW
INVERTEBRATES AND
VERTEBRATES
VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each
of the following pairs of terms.
1. segmentation, vertebrae ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. integument, exoskeleton ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. In a closed circulatory system,
a. cells exchange nutrients directly with the environment.
b. the bloodlike circulatory fluid never leaves the coelom.
c. blood circulates through the body in tubular vessels.
d. the blood carries gases but not nutrients or wastes.
_____ 2. A gut is a
a. structure specialized for gas exchange in water.
b. simple excretory organ of invertebrates.
c. digestive chamber with one opening.
d. digestive tract that runs through the body.
_____ 3. A hermaphrodite is an organism that
a. produces only male gametes.
c. produces both male and female
gametes.
b. produces only female gametes. d. does not produce any gametes.
_____ 4. The moist skin of an amphibian functions as
a. a respiratory organ.
c. an insulating material.
b. a structure for conserving water. d. a rigid exoskeleton.
_____ 5. Development of zygotes outside the body of the female parent is a
characteristic of
a. all fishes and amphibians.
b. many fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
c. all reptiles and birds.
d. reptiles, birds, and some amphibians.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
179
The Nature of Animals
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Name two animal phyla whose members show segmentation. ______________
_______________________________________________________________
2. What waste excretion problem is shared by invertebrates and vertebrates?
_________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
How do some invertebrates and vertebrates deal with this problem? _________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Explain how the legs of a deer and the integument of a reptile are adaptations
for life on land.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. What is one advantage of the multichambered heart that is found in some
vertebrates?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Critical Thinking Name one advantage and one disadvantage of being a
hermaphrodite.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The table below summarizes the functions of
some vertebrate structures. Complete the table by filling in the missing
structures and functions.
Structure
Function
a _______________________
Lung or gill
c _______________________
Brain
e _______________________
filters wastes from the blood
b _______________________
provides a barrier against the environment
d _______________________
Provides structural support for the body
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
180
The Nature of Animals
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 32-3 REVIEW
FERTILIZATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the
following pairs of terms.
1. archenteron, blastopore ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. pseudocoelom, coelom ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. protostome, deuterostome __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. schizocoely, enterocoely ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. The eggs of different animal species vary greatly in size, depending on
a. whether the egg and sperm are haploid or diploid.
b. how long the food supply in the yolk must last.
c. the number of chromosomes in the egg.
d. the number of chromosomes in the sperm.
_____ 2. The central cavity of a blastula is called a
a. blastocoel.
b. coelom.
c. blastopore. d. gastrula.
_____ 3. Body parts formed by the mesoderm include the
a. lungs.
b. liver.
c. muscles. d. pancreas.
_____ 4. Animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore include
a. mollusks.
b. arthropods.
c. annelids.
d. chordates.
_____ 5. Animals that develop from three germ layers without a body cavity are
called
a. coelomates.
c. acoelomates.
b. pseudocoelomates.
d. schizocoelomates.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
181
Fertilization and Development
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Contrast the structure of a blastula with that of a gastrula. _________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Name the three germ layers in order, from outside to inside. _______________
_______________________________________________________________
3. What features of development indicate that echinoderms and chordates are
more closely related to each other than they are to other animals?
_____________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Critical Thinking Why is it important to have a mechanism that prevents
more than one sperm from entering an egg? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagrams below show coelom formation
during the two distinct patterns of development that most animals can
undergo. In spaces a and b, name each pattern of development. In spaces c
and d, name each type of coelom formation. In spaces e and f, name the
structure that the opening at the bottom becomes.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
182
Fertilization and Development