Download AP Human Geography- Chapter 2 Study Guide Where is the world`s

AP Human Geography- Chapter 2 Study Guide
1. Where is the world’s population growth taking place today?
LDC
2. How is overpopulation defined?
When the population begins to exceed the resources
3. Where is the world’s fourth largest concentration of people located?
Southeast Asia
4. What is the most populous country?
China
5. What are the four population cluster regions?
Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia
6. In what region do most people live in cities?
Europe
7. What is the most populous country in SE Asia?
Indonesia
8. In which region do humans beings like to live in?
Warm lands
9. Where is the exception to the rule of that relatively few people like to live in high elevations?
Latin America
10. Define physiological density. How is it calculated?
People per area suitable for agriculture
11. What is arable land?
Land suited for agriculture
12. What can be concluded about two countries that have approximately the same arithmetic
density?
Number of people per area of land
13. What is important about the agricultural revolution and population growth?
The annual global population growth rate increased due to new techniques in farming; for
example new irrigation techniques, new plowing techniques that increased the world’s food
supply
14. What is important about the industrial revolution and population growth?
The annual global population growth rate increased due to new technology that helped control
diseases and increased the permanent food supply
15. Define total fertility.
Average number of births women beat in their lifetime
16. When studying fertility, what do geographers typically use?
Crude birth rate
17. Define doubling time.
The amount of time in years that it takes the world’s population to double
18. What is today’s annual NIR?
1.2%
19. What would happen to a country if the CBR would decline? What would increase?
Doubling time
20. What CBR?
Total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in the society
21. Countries with the highest NIR are found in what stage of the DTM?
Stage 2
22. The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in what stage of the DTM?
Stage 4
23. The highest crude death rates are found in countries in what stage of the DTM?
Stage 1
24. Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the DTM?
Stage 2
25. What is dependency ratio?
Percentage of people who are too young or too old to work in a society
26. The shape of a country’s population pyramid is determined primarily by what?
Crude birth rate
27. What does it mean if a country’s population pyramid is upside down?
The country has a large percentage of elderly people
28. What does it mean if country’s population is a true triangle shape?
The country has a high birth rate and a small percentage of elderly people (LDC)
29. How did most lowered developed countries enter Stage 2 of the DTM?
Diffusion of medical technology from other countries
30. Describe Thomas Malthus Hypothesis of population.
The world’s rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies
31. What did Malthus conclude about food production? What really happened?
He predicted that the world would run out of food to supply its growing population; the rate of
food production was able to maintain or stay ahead of the NIR due to technology and human
possibilism
32. What did Malthus conclude about population growth? Where did most of the population grow
after his hypothesis (more or lowered developed countries)?
He concluded that the world would have to have some sort of moral restraint, war, disease,
famine, or civil violence for the control of food supplies and resources or the world’s population
would continue to grow; population would continue to grow in the LDCs
33. Why is contraception an important issue in population growth? Why is there concern for better
contraception?
Contraception is the best way to help with the growing population. As more of the world
accepts contraception, the population will decrease in LDCs.
34. What does it tell about the status of a country’s female population if it has a low rate of
contraception?
The low status of the female population in that particular country
35. What are the five stages of the epidemiological transition model? What are the main causes of
death?
Stage 1- pestilence and famine-Black Death
Stage 2-receding pandemics-Cholera
Stage 3- degenerative and human created diseases- cardiovascular disease and cancers
Stage 4- Delayed degenerative diseases- improved medical techniques- cardiovascular diseases
and various forms of cancers
Possible Stage 5- reemergence of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases- AIDS and malaria
Food for Thought:
More people are alive now than any other time in the past.
Since World War II the world’s population is growing at faster rate.
Most population growth is concentrated in lesser developed countries.
More than half of the people in the world live in Asia.
Two thousand years ago, Asia contained about the same percentage of the world population as it does
now.
The highest crude birth rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin
America.
Relatively few people inhabit the highlands, yet some of the world’s largest cities are located in
highlands.
A country in Stage 2 of the DTM is likely to have higher crude birth and crude death rates than a country
in Stage 4.
A country in Stage 4 of the DTM is likely to have a population pyramid with a flatter base than a country
in Stage 2.
According to Malthus, population increases geometrically, while food supply increases arithmetically.
As the GDP per capita increases, the crude birth rate generally decreases.
As the GDP per capita increases, the crude death rate generally remains the same.
As the GDP per capita increases, the natural rate increase generally increases.
The portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement is called the ecumene.