Download PowerPoint Notes: Roman Republic to the Roman Empire By the

PowerPoint Notes: Roman Republic to the Roman Empire
1. By the second century BCE, the Roman Senate became the real ____________________ _____________
A. The Senate was controlled by a small circle of ____________ and powerful ________________.
B. The backbone of Rome had always been the __________ _______________; however over time, these
farmers lost their lands to the wealthy and became the landless poor of Rome
C. Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urged the Council of Plebs to pass _____________________
bills that would give land back to the small farmers (now the landless poor)
D. Many ______________, themselves large landowners whose estates included large areas of public land,
were furious with the brothers idea.
E. A small group of Senators _____________ the brothers for their reform ideas; This opened the door for
instability and violence in the Roman Empire
2. For the next _____ years (82-31 BCE), Roman history was characterized by civil wars as many individuals
competed for _______________.
3. Turn to page 154: read the short primary resource passage by the Roman historian Sallust and summarize that
in your own words:
A. What does this passage tell you about the Roman Empire at this time in history?
The First Triumvirate
1. Three men emerged as victors from the civil wars and power struggles:
a. ______________: known as the richest man in Rome
b. ______________: was military hero
c. ______________________: controlled military command in Spain
i. The combined wealth and power of those three men was enormous and enabled them to
_________________ the political scene and achieve their goals.
2. In 60 BCE Caesar joined with Crassus and Pompey to form the _____________ _____________________
a. A government ruled by three people with __________ power
b. ____________ received command in Spain
c. ____________ received command in Syria
d. ____________ was granted special military command in France
3. In ______ BCE Crassus was killed in battle, which left only Pompey and Caesar to rule.
a. The Senate feared Caesar’s rising _______________ with the people and decided to make Pompey the
sole leader; they voted for Caesar to lay down his command.
b. Caesar ________________; he had a strong army of loyal veterans willing to fight for him
c. Caesar led a march on Rome starting ____________ _________ between him and Pompey
d. Pompey was ______________ and Caesar took complete control.
Caesar Takes control
1. Caesar was made _________________ (absolute ruler)in 45 BCE
a. Reforms:
i. Caesar gave _________________________________
ii. Increased the senate to _______ members
iii. He filled the Senate with his _____________
iv. By increasing the number of Senate members, he ________________ the power of the Senate
v. Gave _________________ to supporters from the provinces
vi. Introduced the solar _______________
vii. Made plans for ______________ projects and ______________ campaigns to the east
2. Many senators saw Caesar as a dictator
a. In 44 BCE, a group of prominent Senators __________________ him.
Questions: Answer these with a partner
1. How long was Caesar in power? ________________________
2. How long was he dictator? ____________________________
3. Why do you think he is the most well-known Roman leader? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. On a separate sheet of paper, make a list of events that put Caesar into absolute power of Rome (collected)