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Vocabulary Review
Chapter 1
The science of life
Biology
The production of
offspring that does
not involve the union
of gametes
Asexual
reproduction
An organism that uses
energy to synthesize
organic molecules
from inorganic
substances
Autotroph
Tiny structures that
carry out functions
necessary for the cell
to stay alive
Organelles
Major subdivisions of
all organisms
Domains
High degree of order
within an organism’s
internal and external
parts and its
interactions with the
living world
Organization
Made up of one cell
Unicellular
Made up of more
than one cell
Multicellular
Structures that carry
out specialized jobs
within an organ
system
Organs
Smallest unit that
can perform all life’s
processes
Cell
Segment of DNA that
contains coding for a
polypeptide or protein;
a unit of hereditary
information
Gene
An organism that
obtains organic food
molecules by eating
other organisms or
their by-products
Heterotroph
The stable internal
conditions of a living
thing
Homeostasis
A double-helixshaped nucleic acid
DNA
The sum of all
chemical processes in
living things
Metabolism
Groups of cells that
have similar abilities
and that allow the
organ to function
Tissue
The production of
new offspring
Reproduction
Chemical compounds
that provide physical
structure and that
bring about movement,
energy use, and other
cellular functions
Biological
Molecules
Formation of two new
cells from an existing
cell
Cell division
Process by which an
organism becomes a
mature adult
Development
Another system of
grouping organisms
into six major
categories
Kingdom
Brand of biology that
studies organisms
interacting with each
other and with the
environment
Ecology
Communities of living
species and their
physical environments
Ecosystem
Process in which the
inherited
characteristics within
populations change
over generations
Evolution
Organisms that have
certain favorable traits
are better able to survive
and reproduce successfully
than organisms that lack
these traits
Natural Selection
Traits that improve
an individual’s ability
to survive and
reproduce
Adaptations
The act of perceiving
a natural occurrence
that causes someone
to pose a question
Observation
Proposed explanation
for the way a
particular aspect of
the natural world
functions
Hypothesis
Organized approach
to learn how the
natural world works
Scientific
Method
Statement that
forecasts what would
happen in a test
situation if the
hypothesis were true
Prediction
Used to test a
hypothesis and its
prediction
Experiment
Provides a normal
standard against which
the biologist can
compare results of the
experimental group
Control Group
Identical to the
control group except
for one factor
Experimental
Group
“responding variable”;
affected by the
independent variable
Dependent
Variable
“manipulated
variable”;
experimenter changes
this variable
Independent
variable
Scientists who are
experts in the field
anonymously read and
critique the research
Peer review
A highly tested,
generally accepted
principle that explains a
vast number of
observations and
experimental data
Theory
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