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Wearable Biosensors
Name: Nandhini B N
USN: 4gw09cs406
Guide:
Contents
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Introduction
Need for a wearable biosensor
What is Wearable Biosensor
Components of a Biosensor
Ring Sensor
Smart Shirt
Applications
Future trends
Conclusion
References
Introduction
 Use
of wearable
monitoring devices allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals
 Wearable
systems are totally non-obtrusive devices that allow
physicians to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology

Detects
events
predictive
the patient’s clinical situations
of
possible
worsening
of
Need for a wearable biosensor
 Remote monitoring of patients
 Training support for athletes
 Monitoring
of individuals
hazardous elements
who
work
with
 Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital signs to
alert them of fatigue
What is wearable biosensor ?
Wearable Biosensor = Wearable + Biosensor
Wearable
 Object that can be worn
Biosensor
 Biosensor is an analytical
device used for detection
on body.
of analyte.
 e.g. wrist watches, ring,
 e.g.
Blood
Glucose
shirts etc.
Detector
Wearable Biosensor
 Wearable
monitoring devices that
monitoring of physiological signals.
allow
continuous
 They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can be
worn, such as ring or shirt.
 The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed
to detect patient’s clinical situations.
 Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a
biological response into electrical signal.
Components Of Wearable Biosensor
Three main components of wearable biosensors are:
 Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration
of a substance.
 Transducer: The product of interaction of biological component
and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc., which can
be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.
 Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be
further amplified and can be read on digital panels
Types Of Wearable Biosensor
Ring Sensor:
It allows one to continuously
monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation.
The device is shaped like a ring.
 Smart Shirt:
This technology has been used to
integrate sensors for monitoring the vital
signs like temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate.
About Ring Sensor
 It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.
it monitors the oxygen saturation.
 It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles : Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
 Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor
 Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.
Components:
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LED’s and Photodiodes
Optical sensor unit
PIC microcontroller
RF transmitter
Tiny cell battery
Use of double ring structure.
First stage amplifier
Signal Conditioner
Sample and hold circuit
 Less distance between LED & PD.
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular
phone carried by the patient.
Working Of Ring Sensor
 In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart
contraction and expansion by photoelectric method, normally
photo resistors are used.
 Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and
the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of
light reaching it.
 Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood
 A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to
motion of the finger.
Applications
 Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.
 In an overcrowded emergency department.
 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
 In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Initial cost is high.
 Easy to use.
 Limited number of physiological
 Reducing hospitalization
fee
parameters can be monitored.
About Smart Shirts
 Also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia
Tech Wearable Motherboard.
 This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an
extremely versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing, monitoring
and information processing devices.
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It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions.
It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.
Working of Smart Shirt
 A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and
attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.
 A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a
receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are
connected to a Personal Status Monitor (psm) worn at the hip
level by the soldier.
 If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the
PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the
soldier has been shot).
 The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of
penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact
location the solider wounds.
 Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is
immediately transmitted electronically from the PSM to a
medical unit.
Applications Of smart shirt
 Combat casualty care.
 Medical monitoring.
 Sports/ Performance monitoring.
 Space experiments.
 Mission critical/ hazardous application.
 Fire- fighting.
 Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less
Conclusion
 Applied to restricted area of potential market.
 Limitations: Sensitivity And battery life.
 Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at
practice of medicine as we know them today.
 It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any
place, Anytime, Anyone”.
References
 H.Harry Asada, “Mobile monitoring with wearable ppg sensors”,IEEE
engineering in medicine and biology magazine, vol 22, pp- 28-39
may/june 2003.
 Park and Jayaraman,”Enhancing the quality of life through wearable
technology”, IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine,vol
22, pp- 41-48 may/june 2003.
 Handbook of biomedical instrumentation ,Khandpur ,pp-138,233,238
 R.Neuman,”Biomedical sensors”, handbook of biomedical
instrumentation,pp-725-755
 http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu
 http://www.wearables.gatech.edu