Download Evolution Review Spring 08 (Ch

Evolution Review (Ch. 10 & 11)
Choose the correct vocabulary word for #1-24.
Fitness
Variation
Adaptation
Artificial Selection
Population
Sexual Selection
Gene Pool
Gene Flow
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive Selection
Reproductive Isolation
Divergent Evolution
Geographic Isolation
Normal Distribution
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Homologous Structures
Extinction
Speciation
Allele Frequency
Allele
Directional Selection
Convergent Evolution
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
1. Ability to survive, find a mate, reproduce and pass on genes.
2. All individuals of a species that live in an area.
3. Divergence of 2 or more species from an existing one.
4. The total and permanent disappearance of a species from Earth.
5. Difference in the physical traits (phenotype) of an individual from those of other individuals in
a group.
6. When individuals in a population with the intermediate phenotype (physical traits) are favored
by natural selection.
7. When one extreme phenotype is favored by natural selection.
8. When both extreme phenotypes are favored by natural selection.
9. The combined alleles of all the individuals in a population.
10. Feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment.
11. Process where humans breed organisms for certain traits.
12. Occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully.
13. Occurs when two species that are closely related become increasing different, resulting from
adaptations to different environmental conditions.
14. The movement of alleles (migration) from one population to another.
15. One of two forms of a gene.
16. Isolation of populations due to physical barriers.
17. Measure of how common a certain allele occurs in a population (i.e. the proportion of one
allele in the gene pool).
18. Structures that are remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an early ancestor.
19. Occurs when two unrelated species become increasingly similar, resulting from adaptations
to similar environment conditions.
20. Structures that are adapted for similar functions, but they do not share a common origin.
They are structurally different.
21. Distribution in a population where allele frequency is highest near the average range value
and decreases toward each extreme value.
22. Occurs when certain traits increase mating success and are then passed on to the offspring.
Ex: Male peacock tail feathers.
23. Structures that share a common origin, but they may not be adapted for similar functions.
They are structurally the same.
24. When a population’s allele frequencies for a given trait do not change from generation to
generation (i.e. the population is not evolving).
25. What are the 3 main sources (causes) of genetic variation?
26. Choose the best ending to the following sentence and explain your answer.
”Organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce…”
a. better traits
b. fewer mutations
c. more offspring
d. stronger genes
27. Which of the following statements is true? Why?
a. Natural selection acts on traits that are mutated.
b. Natural selection acts on traits that are heritable.
28. What does a graph showing Normal Distribution look like? Sketch the graph.
29. List the 5 conditions necessary for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
30. The wings of a bat, wings of a fly, and wings of a bird are examples of __________
structures. (Analogous, Homologous, Vestigial)
31.
The diagram to the left is showing _________ structures.
32. The human appendix, pelvic bones of a boa constrictor, and pelvic bones in the modern day
whale are all examples of __________ structures.
33. Draw and label the graph showing Directional Selection.
34. Draw and label the graph showing Stabilizing Selection.
35. Draw and label the graph showing Disruptive Selection.
36. All the coyotes in an area is an example of a _________.
37. What does it mean if two species have similar DNA sequences?
38. If individuals from two populations of rabbits can no longer mate successfully with one
another, the chance of speciation occurring __________. (increases, decreases, stays same)
39. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to
a. calculate the gene flow rate among organisms.
b. predict genotype frequencies in a population.
c. determine the likelihood of random mating.
d. estimate the rate of mutations in a population.
40. What does it mean if the actual frequencies of a genotype do not match the predicted
genotype frequencies predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation? (actual ≠ predicted)