Download Geography 101 Phillip H. Larson Lecture Five: Earth`s Raw Material

Geography 101
Phillip H. Larson
Lecture Five: Earth’s Raw Material
Your test questions will be based on the concepts asked about in these questions. Please
make sure you understand the topics within the study guides to do well on the exams. Questions
marked with an asterisk are focused on you developing a conceptual understanding of the topic
in the question. Find references and diagrams corresponding to these questions within the
lectures. This study guide goes over materials covered in the online lecture: Earth’s Raw
Material.
Study Guide Questions
1. Slate are gneiss are ______ metamorphic rocks made from the original rocks called
______ and ______.
2. What is the difference between breccia and conglomerate?
3. Felsic rocks, in general, are rich in ______.
4. Which rock would be lighter in color and would be found most commonly in continental
crust?
5. What can turn a rock into a new, metamorphic rock?
6. Match the following rock types to felsic or mafic:
Basalt
Gabbro
Rhyolite
Granite
7. Match the following rock types to intrusive or extrusive origins:
Basalt
Gabbro
Rhyolite
Granite
8. What distinguishes the different geological eras in geological time? For example, what is
different between the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic?
9. What rocks are formed from sediment or organic deposits? Their layers are called?
10. Quartzite and marble are ______ metamorphic rocks made from the original rocks called
______ and ______.
Geography 101
Phillip H. Larson
11. Why do intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals that can be seen with the naked eye?
(Hint: are they cooling quickly or slowly?)
12. The principle of Geology used to determine the age of rocks by ordering them from
oldest on the bottom to the youngest on the top is called the principle of _______.
13. The principle of Geology that can be used to determine the relative age of an igneous
intrusion called a dike is the principle of ______.
14. After the two most abundant elements, which are the next two most common elements?
15. If you were to crush up continental crust and measure the two most abundant elements,
you would discover that ______ and ______ together make up 3/4ths of continental crust.
16. Mafic rocks, in general, are rich in ______ (what elements).
17. Basalt flows have two textures ______ and ______. ______ is ropey (less viscosity)
textured while ______ is more jagged (more viscosity).
18. Match the sediment size (left) with the rock type (right)
Clay
Conglomerate
Silt
Sandstone
Sand
Siltstone
Gravel
Shale
19. The fifth through eighth most common elements in continental crust are very important to
the biosphere, because they are important ______ (Hint: think about organisms on our
planet).
20. Sand stone can preserve ______ ______ (two words) that can tell us how the sediment
was deposited and the direction of flow. (Hint: Looks at the pictures of Zion in the inperson lecture outline)
Geography 101
Phillip H. Larson
21. ______ ______ is a geochronologic dating concept that was discovered in the 1960's and
help refine the geologic time scale.
22. Which of the following is not an example of a geochronologic dating technique?
23. True or False: Radiocarbon dating looks at the ratio of stable (C12) to unstable (C14)
carbon in an organic material to determine it’s age.
24. True or False: A half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive material
to decay in to a more stable product. Knowing the half-life of a radioactive atom allows
us to potentially calculate it’s age.