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Notes on the Male Reproductive System
The male and female reproductive systems develop initially "indifferently", it is the product of the Y
chromosome SRY gene that makes the "difference". The male reproductive system mainly functions to
produce sperm through the testes and out by ejaculations. To produce and secrete male sex hormones is
what the genitals do in the system. Here are some of the functions of the organs in the reproductive system:
Bladder-stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and voluntary. Prostate-is a walnut-sized structure
that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. The Urethra is the tube that carries urine
from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it ejaculates semen The Penis the male organ used
during sexual intercourse. Scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs below the penis. It
contains the testicles as well as nerves & blood vessels. Lastly the testicles are responsible for making
testosterone which is the primary male sex hormone, & for generating sperm.
The male reproductive system consists of sexual organs, accessory glands, and a series of duct systems that
provide a pathway for fertile sperm cells to exit the body. The external genitalia of the male is distinct from those
of the female by the end of the ninth week. One difference of the many between females and male reproductive
systems is the fact that males can be circumcised. This has no effect on the male genitals when it comes to
reproducing. The genetic sex is determined by whether a Y bearing or next bearing sperm fertilizes the open; the
presence or absence of a Y chromosome in turn determines whether the gonads of the embryo will be testes or
ovaries; and the presence or absence of testes, finally, determines whether the sex accessory organs and external
genitalia will be male or female. The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role
in the process of human reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body and within the pelvis.
They play a big role in human reproducing, and will cooperate to form the fetus. For the process to take place,
Spermatogenesis has to occur. Spermatogenesis is the process of producing sperm and takes place in the testes
and epididymis of adult males. Prior to puberty, there is no spermatogenesis due to the lack of hormonal triggers.
At puberty, spermatogenesis begins when luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are
produced. LH triggers the production of testosterone by the testes while FSH triggers the maturation of germ cells.
Testosterone stimulates stem cells in the testes known as spermatogonium to undergo the process of developing
into spermatocytes. Each diploid spermatocyte goes through the process of meiosis I and splits into 2 haploid
secondary spermatocytes. The secondary spermatocytes go through meiosis II to form 4 haploid spermatid cells.
The spermatid cells then go through a process known as spermatogenesis where they grow a flagellum and
develop the structures of the sperm head. After spermatogenesis, the cell is finally a sperm cell, or spermatozoa.
The spermatozoa are released into the epididymis where they complete their maturation and become able to
move on their own.
The fertilization of the male reproductive system is as follows. It is the process by which a sperm combines with an
oocyte, or egg cell, to produce a fertilized zygote. The sperm released during ejaculation must first swim through
the vagina and uterus and into the fallopian tubes where they may find an oocyte. After encountering the oocyte,
sperm next have to penetrate the outer corona radiate and zona pellucid layers of the oocyte. Sperm contain
enzymes in the acrosome region of the head that allow them to penetrate these layers. After penetrating the
interior of the oocyte, the nuclei of these haploid cells fuse to form a diploid cell known as a zygote. The zygote cell
begins cell division to form an embryo. It has three parts: the root, which attaches to the wall of the abdomen; the
body, or shaft; and the glans, which is the cone-shaped part at the end of the penis. The glans, also called the head
of the penis, is covered with a loose layer of skin called foreskin. The opening of the urethra, the tube that
transports semen and urine, is at the tip of the penis. The glans of the penis also contains a number of sensitive
nerve endings. The body of the penis is cylindrical in shape and consists of three circular shaped chambers. These
chambers are made up of special, sponge-like tissue. This tissue contains thousands of large spaces that fill with
blood when the man is sexually aroused. As the penis fills with blood, it becomes rigid and erect, which allows for
penetration during sexual intercourse
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Interesting facts:
the reproductive system conatins the largest and smallest human cells
average size for the male genetalia is 6”
males has vastly more gametes than women