Download Chapter 21 - No-Scrubs

STATES AND
EMPIRES IN
MESOAMERICA &
NORTH AMERICA
(PRE-COLUMBIAN
SSWH8: The student
will demonstrate an understanding
of the development of ERA)
societies in Central and South
America.
a) Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec
and Inca empires.
b)Compare the culture of the Americas including
government, economy, religion and the arts of the
Mayans, Aztecs and Incas.
STATES AND EMPIRES IN
MESOAMERICA
1)
Tlacopan, Mexico. In 1431, the Aztecs
forged an alliance with this northern
kingdom and Texcoco to the east. The
Triple Alliance defeated the eastern
kingdoms of Tlaxcala and Huejotzingo,
making the Aztecs the dominant rulers of
central Mexico.
STATES AND EMPIRES IN
MESOAMERICA
2) Texcoco, Mexico. This junior member of the Triple Alliance of 1431,
with the Aztecs and Tlacopan to the west, benefited from Aztec dominance in
the region. But it was also one of the first kingdoms to feel the wrath of
Cortez and his anti-Aztec allies, as the Spanish conquistador made his
scorched-earth march toward Tenochtitlan in 1520.
STATES AND EMPIRES IN
MESOAMERICA
3) Tenochtitlan, Mexico. The Aztecs founded their capital city on an island
in Lake Texacoco after seeing an eagle perched on a cactus. Today, the Venicelike city of canals, grand plazas, and temples is hidden by the modern
construction of Mexico City, one of the world's largest settlements.
PEOPLE & SOCIETIES OF THE NORTH
Southwest United States
Descendants of the Anasazi and Hohokam lived in small groups in
the Southwest:
1) Zuni 2) Hopi
3) Pueblo
These groups heavily dependant on corn.
When men married, they joined the household of the bride’s
mother.
Work
Men hunted, farmed, herded sheep, performed ceremonies and
made moccasins.
Women: take care of the house, crafted pottery and baskets, hauled
water, helped men farm and construct houses.
Kachina: Good Spirit that when boys turned 6 they joined the
kachina cult.
The Navajo and the Apache will migrate to this region from
Northwest North America.
The Conquest of Mexico:
Military expeditions led by
conquistadores led to the
creation of New Spain on the
mainland of North and South
America.
Hernan Cortes vs Montezuma
II (Aztecs) 1519 to 1522.
Mexico City, was built on the
site of the Aztec capital
Tenochtitlan, served as New
Spain’s principal headquarters.
INCA/PIZARRO
South America:
Spanish army captain Francisco
Pizarro explores the west coast
of South America and in 1526
he lands in Peru and encounters
the Inca Empire.
In 1532, the Inca Emperor,
Atahualpa, was taken prisoner
and eventually murdered after
converting to Christianity.
Pizarro ruled over the Inca
Empire, creating Lima, Peru as
the capital.
REASONS FOR SPANISH SUCCESS:
Horses
Gunpowder weapons
Divide &Conquer Tactics
Smallpox & Measles
GROUP
Olmec
Mayan
Aztec
Inca
CHARACTERISTICS
 built sites with pyramids, mounds, and ball courts
 created basalt sculptures
 used slash-and-burn agriculture techniques
 used a refined calendar
 possessed a number system
 complex writing and glyphs used
 created a trading society that conquered area Indians
 had strict class system
created society based on conquest and expansion
built complex cities and roads
AZTEC (MEXICA) RESEARCH
FOR HOMEWORK RESEARCH THE FOLLOWING:
Montezuma I
An Aztec High Priest
An Eagle Warrior
A peasant woman
A Jaguar Warrior
An Aztec boy
An Aztec girl
A Tlacopan Warrior
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