Download HW1

Give 3 examples of emergent
phenomena in subatomic physics
Some answers proposed:
• BEC, superfluidity, superconductivity, quantum Hall effect
• Many body phenomena governed by Pauli principle
• Phase transitions (crystal lattice), symmetry breaking, Higgs mechanism,
shape coexistence, crustal structures
• Temperature, surface tension
• Periodic table
• Binding energy, shell structure and magic numbers
• Molecular and nuclear shapes, collective modes
• Cluster states
• Particles, proton spin, particle mass, EMC effect
• Quark-gluon fluid
• Times comes about because of the nature of entanglement
• Classical mechanics emerges from quantum mechanics
The “Brief History” ends in 2008.
What would you add to the list?
1907: Rutherford and Royds proved that alpha particles were helium ions
1921: discovery of nuclear isomerism by Hahn (234mPa)
1936: discovery of Tc (Technetium) by Perrier and Serge (τεχνητός =
“artificial”); it was the first element to be artificially produced
1938: Nuclear magnetic resonance described and measured by Rabi
1940: neutron's magnetic moment directly measured by Alvarez and Bloch in
Berkeley
1960: mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics by
Nambu
1964: Higgs boson proposed
2010: antihydrogen trapped in CERN
2012: Higgs boson discovered at CERN; Daya Bay measures neutrino mixing
angle θ13
• I do not believe that Chernobyl and Fukushima events belong here…
• Pear shaped nuclei discovered many years ago:
http://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.68.349