Download DNA and Central Dogma Study Guide

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DNA and Central Dogma Study Guide
1. a) What are the four bases?
b) Describe the difference between purines and pyrimidines.
c) Circle the bases that are purines. Square the bases that are pyrimidines.
2. What are the base paring rules?
3. Draw and label a nucleotide.
4. What term is used to describe the shape of DNA? Why?
5. What is the backbone of DNA made up of?
6. a) Label the sugars, phosphates, and missing bases in the picture to the
7.
right.
b) A ____________________ bond holds the backbone together and a ______________________ bond holds the two
strands together at the bases.
8. What is the function of histones?
9. Summarize the flow of genetic information starting with DNA.
10. When does DNA replicate?
11. What does DNA replication make?
12. What do we mean when we say DNA replication is semi-conservative? Use percent values in your
response.
13. What is the function of helicase and DNA polymerase?
14. Explain DNA replication in three steps. You should use the terms helicase, DNA polymerase, nucleotides,
complementary base-pairing.
a)
b)
c)
15. Write the complimentary DNA bases below
ATTGACTGCCA
16. Fill in the table below.
Type of RNA
Function of RNA
Sketch a picture of the RNA
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
17. List three ways that RNA differs from DNA.
a)
b)
c)
18. What does transcription make?
19. Where does transcription take place? Why?
20. Explain transcription in three steps. You should use the terms DNA, RNA polymerase, gene, mRNA,
complementary base pairing.
a)
b)
c)
21. What does translation make?
22. Where does translation take place?
23. Explain translation in three steps. You should use the terms ribosomes, codon, amino acid, tRNA,
protein, mRNA, cytoplasm.
a)
b)
c)
UAA CAA GGA GCA UCC
24. a) Translate this piece of mRNA (above) into amino acids.
b) What was the DNA that made the above mRNA?
25. What are mutations?
26. Are all mutations harmful? Explain why. Your answer should include the terms DNA, mRNA, and protein.
27. In the “Oodles of DNA” lab what was the purpose of the
a) Hot water?
b) Detergent?
c) Alcohol?