Download Global Regents Multiple Choice Review Term Definition/Key Words

Global Regents Multiple Choice Review
Term
Islam
Definition/Key Words
-monotheistic religion
-5 Pillars
-Koran (Qu’ran) = holy book
-pilgrimage to Mecca (holy place in the
Middle East)
Multiple Choice
1. Which belief system requires fasting during
Ramadan, praying five times daily, and making a
pilgrimage to Mecca?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
2. The Koran, jihad, and the hegira are most
closely associated with the practice of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islam
Judaism
Shinto
Buddhism
3. The Five Pillars of Faith of Islam, the Ten
Commandments of Judaism and Christianity, and
the Eightfold Path of Buddhism are similar in that
they all
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monotheistic
-belief in one god
were set forth by the founder of the
particular religion
offer a happy and easy life for those who
follow their teachings
serve as guidelines to follow in personal
conduct
indicate exactly how to achieve salvation
1. Which belief system is considered
monotheistic?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Judaism
Shinto
Confucianism
Animism
2. The religions of Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam share a common belief in
1.
2.
3.
4.
nirvana
monotheism
reincarnation
animism
3. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are similar in
that they all
1.
2.
3.
place great value on having many statues
and images of holy people
believe in Mohammed as the Prophet of
God
are monotheistic in belief
4.
Shinto
-religion in Japan
-belief in spirits in nature
require their members to settle in the
Holy Land
1. A person who practices the Shinto faith would
be most likely to
1.
2.
3.
4.
visit a shrine placed on the shore of a lake
pray five times a day
bathe in the Ganges River
make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
2. The belief systems of Daoism, Shinto, and
animism stress
1.
2.
3.
4.
Buddhism
-Eightfold Path
-4 Noble Truths
-following the teachings of Siddhartha
Gautama (Buddha)
harmony with nature to live in peace
acceptance of monotheism to achieve
salvation
proper behavior to maintain social order
obedience to caste rules to achieve
moksha
1. In the practice of religion, the Ten
Commandments are to Christianity as the
Eightfold Path is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Buddhism
Daoism
Islam
Shinto
2. Which religion includes the Four Noble Truths,
the Eightfold Path, and nirvana?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Buddhism
Hinduism
Judaism
Christianity
3. Which belief is most closely associated with the
teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hinduism
-polytheistic
-holy book = Vedas
-reincarnation
-karma
-dharma
-caste system
People are born into a specific caste.
Believers must follow the Ten
Commandments.
Followers must fast during Ramadan.
People can overcome their desires by
following the Eight-Fold Path.
1. A person who practices Hinduism would most
likely
1.
2.
3.
4.
believe the Vedas are sacred
worship in a synagogue
pray facing Mecca
make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
2. Believers of Hinduism are expected to
1.
2.
3.
4.
fulfill their dharma for a favorable
reincarnation
complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
obey the Ten Commandments
follow the Eightfold Path to achieve
enlightenment
3. “It is better to do the work of your own caste
poorly than to do the work of another caste well.”
This statement best expresses the idea that in
traditional India
1.
2.
3.
4.
Animism
-religion in Africa
-belief in spirits in nature
each person could choose his or her
occupation
skilled workers were needed
little social or occupational mobility
existed between castes
some castes do better work than other
castes
1. Traditional animistic beliefs in Africa, Asia, and
Latin America are based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
a desire for wealth
a written tradition
an appreciation of the forces of nature
a willingness to accept Christianity
2. A similarity between Shinto in Japan and
animism in African societies is that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
Confucianism
-filial piety
-5 Relationships
-respect for elders
-civil service exam
-the Analects
use the Torah to establish law codes
stress the importance of the Eightfold
Path
believe that spirits exist in nature
base social rank on a caste system
1. Filial piety and the five relationships are most
often associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hinduism
Daoism
animism
Confucianism
2. The philosophy of Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzu)
stresses the importance of
1.
2.
3.
4.
respect for authority
religious beliefs
a classless society
owning land
3. Confucianism had a strong impact on the
development of China mainly because this
philosophy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neolithic Revolution
-switch from hunting and gathering to
farming and domestication of animals
-leads to permanent settlements
-establishes civilizations
established a basic structure for military
rule
provided a basis for social order
contained the framework for a communist
government
stressed the importance of the individual
1. The Neolithic Revolution is seen as a turning
point in human history mainly because
1.
2.
3.
4.
farming led to settled communities
people started using animal skins for
clothing
copper was first used to improve stone
tools
cave paintings recorded the activities of
nomadic groups
2. Which description best fits the Neolithic
Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
moving from urban centers to rural
centers
using petrochemical fertilizers and
pesticides to increase production
replacing human laborers with machines
shifting from hunting and gathering to
farming as a way of life
3. The Neolithic Revolution is most closely
associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Code of Hammurabi
-written laws
-not equal to everyone (based on social
class)
-”an eye for an eye
using child labor in factories
domesticating plants and animals
learning to control fire
developing iron technology
1. The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables
of Rome are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
written laws
religious rules of conduct
economic sanctions
early constitutions
2. …“If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man
of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked
out. If he has knocked out the teeth of a plebeian
(commoner), he shall pay one-third of a mina of
silver.”…
— Code of Hammurabi
Which statement is supported by this excerpt from
Hammurabi’s code of laws?
1.
2.
All men are equal under the law.
Fines are preferable to physical
punishment.
3.
4.
Law sometimes distinguishes between
social classes.
Violence must always be punished with
violence.
3. The Code of Hammurabi was a major
contribution to the development of civilization
because it
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cultural Diffusion
-the spreading or blending of multiple
cultures
treated citizens and slaves equally
ended all physical punishment
recorded existing laws for all to see
rejected the principle of filial piety
1. The Hellenistic culture, associated with the rule
of Alexander the Great, developed as a result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
direct democracy
embargoes

Kushites adapted Egyptian art and
architecture.
Greeks adopted Phoenician characters for
an alphabet.
Arabs used the Indian mathematical
concept of zero.


2. These actions are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
filial piety
cultural diffusion
scientific research
ethnocentrism
3. Which term is used to describe the spread of
Buddhism from India through Southeast Asia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gupta Empire
-Golden Age of India
-advancements in math, science, medicine
etc.
-concept of zero
ethnocentrism
isolation
imperialism
cultural diffusion
1. In India, for which achievement is the Gupta
Golden Age best known?
1.
2.
3.
4.
adoption of the printing press
invention of the iron foot stirrup
use of gunpowder
development of the concept of zero

Art and literature flourished during the
Gupta Empire.
Indian scholars developed the concept of
zero.
Indian provinces were united after 200
years of civil war.


2. The information in these statements refers to
1.
2.
3.
4.
effects of European involvement in India
India’s Golden Age
effects of isolationism
Islamic achievements in India
3. Which statement about the Gupta Empire is a
fact rather than an opinion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Isolation
-to be separated (usually by geographic
barriers)
-leads to ethnocentrism
-leads to traditional cultures (no cultural
diffusion)
India’s strongest leaders came from the
Gupta Empire.
The Gupta Empire developed
advancements in the areas of mathematics
and science.
The achievements of the Gupta Empire
surpassed those of the Tang dynasty in
China.
Gupta paintings found on the walls of the
Ajanta caves were superior to the art
produced during the Mauryan Empire.
1. The geographic isolation of a society most often
leads to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
development of trade
strengthening of traditional culture
promotion of cultural diffusion
growth of international alliances
2. The ethnocentric attitudes of various Chinese
emperors can be attributed to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural isolation of China
failure of other nations to become
interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other
civilizations
great cultural diversity within China’s
borders
3. Which is least likely to result in cultural
diffusion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tang
-Golden Age of China
-advancements in literature & art
(porcelain)
migration
trade
war
isolation
1. One way in which the Tang dynasty, the Gupta
Empire, and the European Renaissance are similar
is that they all included periods of
1.
2.
3.
4.
religious unity
democratic reforms
economic isolation
cultural achievements
2. The Tang dynasty contributed to the
development of Chinese culture by
1.
2.
3.
4.


creating a shogunate
producing porcelain and block printing
introducing Hinduism as a major
philosophy
devising a set of laws and carving them
on rocks and pillars
The Gupta Dynasty – A.D. 320-550 in
India
The Tang Dynasty – A.D. 618-907 in
China
3. In what way are these dynasties similar?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Silk Road
-spread of culture
-spread of goods/disease
Both promoted equality for women.
Both made advances in arts, sciences, and
mathematics.
Both gained overseas colonies in the New
World.
Both developed a democratic
government.
1. Trade along the Silk Roads and the transSaharan trade routes resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
elimination of all traditional beliefs
a movement toward decolonization
the Columbian exchange
cultural diffusion between different
societies
2. Which two major regions were directly
connected by the Silk Road?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Europe and South America
Central America and Africa
Asia and Africa
Asia and Europe
3. The Silk Road was important because it allowed
for the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ibn Battuta
-Muslim explorer who traveled throughout
the Middle East and Asia
exploration of China by the Roman Army
development of agriculture by the
nomadic people of Central Asia
movement of Chinese armies through
Southeast Asia
exchange of goods between Asia and the
Middle East
1. The writings of both Marco Polo and Ibn
Battuta inspired
1.
2.
3.
exploration and trade
important military expeditions
movements for political freedom
4.
the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
2. Both Ibn Battuta and Mansa Musa demonstrated
their religious values by
1.
2.
3.
4.
meditating along the banks of the Ganges
River
converting Africans to Christianity
making a pilgrimage to Mecca
visiting the wailing wall in Jerusalem
3. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that
both
1.
2.
3.
4.
Byzantine Empire
-the eastern part of the Roman Empire
-Hagia Sophia
-Eastern Orthodox Religion
-cultural diffusion with Russia
ruled over vast empires that included
diverse peoples
produced written records of their
extensive travels
converted thousands of people to
Christianity
fought to free their people from Mongol
rule
1. Which region had the greatest influence on the
historical and cultural development of the
Byzantine Empire?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mesoamerica
India
Rome
Egypt
2. Which development is most closely associated
with the beginning of the Byzantine Empire?
1.
2.
3.
4.



emergence of the Russian Orthodox
Church
division of the Roman Empire
building of the Hagia Sophia
fall of Constantinople
Justinian issues a new code of laws.
Greek culture is preserved.
A split develops in Christianity between
the Roman Catholics and Orthodox
Christians.
3. Which empire is most closely associated with
these statements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Justinian’s Code
-set of laws (written by Emperor Justinian)
Byzantine
Persian
Mughal
British
1. One way in which the Justinian Code and the
Napoleonic Code are similar is that both
1.
made slavery unacceptable
2.
3.
4.
gave people a set of rules to follow
treated all equally under the law
provided for religious freedom
2. The Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables,
and the Justinian Code are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
religious edicts
written laws
epic poems
democratic constitutions
3. One way in which the Twelve Tables of Rome,
the Code of Hammurabi, and the Justinian Code
were similar is that they established
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mali
-West African trading kingdom
-gold & salt trade
-Trans-Saharan trade routes
-camel caravans
trade agreements with neighboring
countries
tolerance for the different religions of
their people
written legal systems
social class equality
1. The kingdoms of Ghana and Mali became
prosperous and powerful because of
1.
2.
3.
4.



their participation in the gold and salt
trade
the military protection provided to them
by the Egyptians
their dependence on legalism to enforce
social control
the tax revenue they collected from
Christian missionaries
Conquered Ghana
Experienced a golden age under Mansa
Musa
Built mosques and schools in Timbuktu
2. Which civilization is most directly associated
with these descriptions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Axum
Benin
Kush
Mali
3. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
prospered primarily due to their
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ghana
-West African trading kingdom
-gold & salt trade
-Trans-Saharan trade routes
exchanges with Indian ports
direct access to the Arabian Sea
control of trade routes
abundance of diamonds
1. One way in which the African kingdoms of
Ghana and Mali are similar is that they
-camel caravans
1.
2.
3.
4.
established their wealth through trade
improved their military strength with the
use of gunpowder
opened trade routes to the Americas
adopted Christianity as their major
religion
2. The economies of the western African
civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai relied on
1.
2.
3.
4.
industrial growth
shipbuilding
textile production
trans-Saharan trade routes
3. Much of the wealth of the West African
kingdoms of Ghana and Mali was gained from the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mansa Musa
-king of the Mali empire
-made a pilgrimage to Mecca
-known for the spread of Islam
sale of slaves to Europeans
creation of colonies on the Mediterranean
coast
taxation on goods brought by Indian
merchants
control of the trans-Saharan trade in gold
and salt
1. Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca
demonstrates that he practiced
1.
2.
3.
4.
animism
Sikhism
Islam
Buddhism
2. The leader of the ancient kingdom of Mali was
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alexander the Great
Julius Caesar
Mansa Musa
Ramses II
3. What was a significant effect of Mansa Musa’s
pilgrimage to Mecca?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crusades
-series of holy wars between Christians &
Muslims
-fought over the holy land (Jerusalem)
The African written language spread to
southwest Asia.
Military leaders eventually controlled
Mali.
Islamic learning and culture expanded in
Mali.
The trading of gold for salt ended
1. Which statement accurately describes the
actions of Muslims during the Crusades?
1.
2.
Most Muslims converted to Christianity.
Muslims attacked and conquered
Constantinople.
3.
4.
Muslims defended Jerusalem because it
was sacred to them.
Many Muslims visited Europe for the first
time to obtain luxury goods.
2. What were two indirect results of the Crusades?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trade and commerce increased and the
feudal system was strengthened.
Trade and commerce declined and the
feudal system was weakened.
Trade and commerce increased and the
feudal system was weakened.
Trade and commerce declined and the
feudal system was strengthened.
3. Which is the most valid generalization about the
Crusades?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Feudalism
-a political system where land was
exchange for loyalty & services
-king-> lords (nobles) -> knights -> serfs
The Crusades strengthened the power of
the serfs in Europe.
The Crusades increased trade between
Europe and Asia.
The Crusades brought European influence
to Africa.
The Crusades supported the idea of
religious tolerance.
1. What was a characteristic of feudalism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Land was exchanged for military service
and obligations.
Government was provided by a
bureaucracy of civil servants.
Power rested in the hands of a strong
central government.
Unified national court systems were
developed.
2. Feudal societies are generally characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
an emphasis on social order
a representative government
many economic opportunities
the protection of political rights
3. In western Europe, feudalism developed after
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mongols
-technological advancement of the stirrup
& bow and arrow
-expansive empire due to military conquest
(rule each area differently)
-Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan
Roman Empire collapsed
Renaissance began
city of Constantinople fell
Mongols invade
1. Which group used the stirrup, skilled
horsemanship, and siege warfare techniques to
conquer much of Asia and part of Europe in the
12th and 13th centuries?
-isolated Russia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japanese
Vikings
Persians
Mongols
2. Which factor contributed to the success of the
vast empire created by the Mongols?
1.
2.
3.
4.
avoiding contacts with the West
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to
Confucianism
3. Which statement describes the situation in
Russia during the 200 years when the Mongols
ruled?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mercantilism
-the trade of raw materials from the colony
to the mother country in exchange for
manufactured goods
-colonies are to provide a favorable
balance of trade for the mother country
(Europe)
Russia experienced a cultural
Renaissance.
Russia was isolated and paid tribute to the
Khans.
Westernization and industrialization
began in Russia.
Democratic reforms were encouraged in
Russian society.
1. Which statement best describes a key aspect of
mercantilism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
removing tariffs to increase free trade
between empires
acquiring colonies to provide a favorable
balance of trade
eliminating private ownership of the
means of production
encouraging subsistence agriculture
2. Which policy is a country using when it
regulates its colonies’ imports and exports to
produce a favorable balance of trade?
1.
2.
3.
4.
embargo
outsourcing
mercantilism
transmigration
3. Which idea is most closely associated with the
economic concept of mercantilism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Colonies exist to provide raw materials
and markets for a colonial power.
Wealth and power are based on land
exchanged between nobles.
Goods and services are traded without
government interference.
Property is owned collectively and
administered by the state.
Renaissance
-rebirth of Greek and Roman culture
-Considered a golden age (advancements
in art, literature, science)
-increase in secular (non-religious) ideas
-humanism emphasizes the importance of
the individual
1. Pax Romana, the Golden Age of Islam, and the
Renaissance were all periods of
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural isolationism
censorship and regulation
advancements in arts and in knowledge
decreasing influence of religion on
cultural practices
2. Which philosophy that was developed during
the Renaissance is associated with a shift in focus
away from religious subjects toward more secular
subjects?
1.
2.
3.
4.
humanism
absolutism
communism
scholasticism



Focus on individual achievement
Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas
Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci
3. Which time period is most closely associated
with these characteristics?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Commercial Revolution
-favorable balance of trade
-rise of capitalism
-mercantilism
-joint-stock companies
Hellenistic Golden Age
Early Middle Ages
European Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
1. What was one result of the European
Commercial Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a decline in the spice trade
the destruction of the papacy
the development of capitalism
an increased reliance on bartering
2. During the Commercial Revolution, where did
trading centers most often develop?
1.
2.
3.
4.
in the mountains
near grasslands
along waterways
on the tundra
3. Which was a result of the Commercial
Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
decline in population growth in Europe
shift of power from western Europe to
eastern Europe
spread of feudalism throughout western
Europe
expansion of European influence overseas
Reformation
-a movement designed to address the
corruption within the Catholic Church
1. An immediate result of the Protestant
Reformation was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
breaking of the religious unity of Europe
strengthening of the political power of the
Pope
increase in the influence of the Roman
Catholic Church
restoration of political unity to western
Europe
2. What was one cause of the Protestant
Reformation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
revolt by the Moors in Spain
passage of the Act of Supremacy in
England
call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul
III
corruption among high officials of the
Catholic Church
3. Which technological development contributed
most directly to the success of the Protestant
Reformation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Martin Luther
-author of the 95 Theses (spread through
the use of the printing press)
-against the sale of indulgences
astrolabe
compass
wheel
printing press
1. Which leader started the Protestant Reformation
by speaking out against papal abuses and the sale
of indulgences in the Ninety-five Theses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
John Calvin
Henry VIII
John Wycliffe
Martin Luther
2. Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses were a call
for
1.
2.
3.
4.
religious revolt against the German
princes
reforms within the Roman Catholic
Church
greater Papal authority
crusades to spread Christianity
3. One way Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry
VIII were similar is that they all were
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latin American revolutionary leaders
Reformation leaders
Impressionist painters
divine right monarchs
Inca
-Andes Mountains (South America)
-terrace farming to adapt to their
environment
-extensive road network (& bridges)
1. Which development is most closely associated
with early Inca achievements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
inventing the wheel as a transportation
device
improving iron weapons
expanding global trade
adapting a mountainous environment
2. What was an important strategy used by both
the Romans and the Incas to unify their empires?
1.
2.
3.
4.
building a large network of roads and
bridges
using powerful navies to protect sea trade
routes
supporting free-market economies by
minting silver coins
granting citizenship and voting rights to
conquered peoples
3. A major agricultural advancement of the Incas
was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Age of Exploration
-a period from the 1400’s - 1600’s
-European ships were traveled around
the world to search for new trading
routes
domestication of cattle
use of a steel plow
terracing of mountains for farming
development of floating gardens
1. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
establishment of European colonies
start of the Puritan Revolution
invention of the magnetic compass
failure of the Congress of Vienna
2. Which statement best illustrates the concept of
European mercantilism during the Age of
Exploration?
1.
2.
3.
4.



England encouraged free trade among its
colonies.
Spain reduced exports to its South
American colonies.
Portugal sought trade benefits from its
colonial possessions.
France refused to give financial support
to weak national industries.
Invention of the compass and astrolabe
European dependence on spices from
Asia
Rise of nation-states in Europe
3. These developments influenced the start of the
1.
2.
3.
Crusades
Renaissance
Reformation
4.
Aztec
-MesoAmerican civilization
-Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital located on
Lake Texcoco)
-chinampas (floating gardens) to adapt to
their environment
Age of Exploration
1. What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors
were able to conquer the Aztec Empire?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Spanish soldiers made effective use
of their military technology against the
Aztecs.
Aztec religious beliefs promoted
nonviolence.
Spain joined the Incas in their fight
against the Aztecs.
The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the
Aztec warriors.
2. Inca terrace farming and Aztec floating gardens
are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
the ability of civilizations to adapt to their
region’s physical geography
slash-and-burn farming techniques
Mesoamerican art forms symbolizing the
importance of agriculture
colonial economic policies that harmed
Latin American civilizations
3. The civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and
Mayas were similar in that all
1.
2.
3.
4.
Marco Polo
-Italian explorer
-travels the Silk Road and writes about his
travels
-stimulated travel and trade
spoke the same language
followed a monotheistic religion
developed cities and complex
governments
used a complex system of writing
1. The writings of both Marco Polo and Ibn
Battuta inspired
1.
2.
3.
4.
exploration and trade
important military expeditions
movements for political freedom
the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
2. The travels of Marco Polo and of Ibn Battuta
were similar in that these travels
1.
2.
3.
4.
led to nationalistic movements
helped to spread the ideas of religious
leaders
stimulated the expansion of trade
supported democratic forms of
government
3. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo were similar in that
both
1.
ruled over vast empires that included
diverse peoples
2.
3.
4.
Absolutism & Absolute
Monarch
-the belief that a king or queen should have
complete & total power
produced written records of their
extensive travels
converted thousands of people to
Christianity
fought to free their people from Mongol
rule
1. Which form of government is associated with
the reigns of Suleiman the Magnificent, Akbar the
Great, and Peter the Great?
1.
2.
3.
4.
constitutional monarchy
direct democracy
theocracy
absolute monarchy
2. Which is a basic characteristic of an absolute
monarchy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
All power is held by a king or queen.
There is an elected legislature.
People's liberties are guaranteed in a
written constitution.
There are many political parties.
3. From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute
monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Divine Right
-the belief the a king’s power comes from
God
-similar to the Mandate of Heaven
increase the power of the Catholic Church
centralize their political power
redistribute land to the peasants
strengthen feudalism
1. The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s
authority is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
laissez faire
totalitarianism
predestination
divine right
“Kings are God’s lieutenants on earth.”
2. Which type of government is best characterized
by this quotation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
direct democracy
republic
rule by divine right
limited monarchs
3. The 17th century divine right of monarchs of
Western Europe justified their authority in much
the same way as the
1.
emperors of China who claimed the
mandate of heaven
2.
3.
4.
Suleiman the
Magnificent
-aka Suleiman the Lawgiver
-ruler of the Ottoman Empire
-practiced religious tolerance
-absolute monarch
colonial governors of the American
colonies who claimed parliamentary
supremacy
20th century Nazis who believed in racial
superiority
Russian occupiers of Eastern Europe who
based their authority on Socialist doctrine
1. One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent
and Louis XIV are similar is that they both
1.
2.
3.
4.
centralized political power
introduced a new national religion
strengthened the authority of the nobility
freed peasants from feudal obligations
2. Which characteristic is associated with the rule
of both Akbar the Great and Suleiman the
Magnificent?
1.
2.
3.
4.
promoting equal rights for women
expanding the role of legislative bodies
forcing the conversion of citizens to
Christianity
practicing religious tolerance toward
members of society
3. One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent
and Akbar the Great are similar is that they both
brought about periods of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Peter the Great
-czar of Russia
-westernization
-modernized Russia
political stability and religious tolerance
religious conquest and persecution
isolationism and cultural stagnation
modernization and political disunity
1. Which change is most closely associated with
Peter the Great of Russia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
establishment of Moscow as the capital
city
extension of Russia’s borders to the
Northern Caucuses and Ukraine
westernization and modernization of the
country
emancipation of the serfs on private
estates
2. What happened in Russia as a result of actions
taken by Peter the Great?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Russia was weakened by French
invasions.
Catholicism was adopted as the state
religion.
The Duma was reformed and the serfs
were freed.
Russia borrowed Western ideas and
expanded its territories.
3. Westernization of Russia came about largely
through the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Catherine the Great
-enlightened despot from Russia
-gave people more rights
-westernization
efforts of Peter the Great and his
successors
invasion of Russia by Sweden
desire of the United States to seek new
markets
acceptance of the policies of the Eastern
Orthodox Church
1. Which step did Catherine the Great take that is
consistent with Enlightenment ideas?
1.
2.
3.
4.
ordering the burning of books
strengthening the institution of serfdom
expanding Russian territory into Ukraine
considering a law code that would treat
all citizens equally
2. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed
Russia by
1.
2.
3.
4.
abolishing all social class distinctions
becoming constitutional monarchs
preventing wars with neighboring nations
introducing Western ideas and customs
3. One way in which the reigns of Peter the Great
and Catherine the Great are similar is that both
leaders
1.
2.
3.
4.
Scientific Revolution
-questioning spirit derived from the
Renaissance
-scientific method
promoted the emancipation of serfs
strengthened the role of the Duma and
centralized royal power
shared their power with the Russian
Orthodox Church
pursued a policy of westernization and
expansion
1. New scientific knowledge and understandings
that developed during the Scientific Revolution
were most often based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
observation and experimentation
church law and faith
superstition and ancient practices
geometric formulas and astrology
2. Which statement about the Scientific Revolution
in Europe is accurate?
1.
2.
3.
The existence of natural laws was
rejected.
Scientists questioned traditional beliefs
about the universe.
New ideas supported the geocentric
theory of Ptolemy.
4.
The Bible was used to justify new
scientific findings

Galileo used the telescope and challenged
the teachings of the day.
Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of
gravity.
Copernicus determined that the Sun is the
center of the universe.


3. Which period is most directly associated with
these events?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Galileo
-invented the telescope
-agreed with Copernicus’ heliocentric
theory
Early Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
Protestant Reformation
Industrial Revolution
1. One way in which the contributions of
Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton are similar is
that each
1.
2.
3.
4.
challenged the heliocentric theory of the
universe
based his work on Enlightenment
principles of social contract
practiced observation and
experimentation in his work
supported the work of the Inquisition
2. Galileo Galilei and Sir Issac Newton are most
closely associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
initiating religious reforms
leading political revolutions
conducting investigative experiments
engaging in foreign conquests
3. Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes
Kepler are all directly associated with the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Enlightenment
-a time when people started to question
their government/what government would
work best for their country
-laws of nature & reason
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
English Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
1. One way in which the Scientific Revolution and
the Enlightenment are similar is that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
led to increased power for royal families
in Europe
sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and
science
questioned traditional values and past
practices
promoted nationalistic revolutions in
eastern Europe
2. Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning
point in world history?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The factory system was used to massproduce goods.
Martin Luther broke away from the
Roman Catholic Church.
Europeans changed their thinking about
the role of government.
The Columbian exchange occurred.
3. Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the
improvement of society through the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Magna Carta
-a document that limited the power of the
monarchy
teachings of the church
use of reason
development of absolutism
establishment of a rigid social hierarchy
1. The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights
both served to
1.
2.
3.
4.
extend the voting privileges of
commoners
abolish the government’s role in levying
taxes
limit the power of the monarchy
support the theory of the divine right of
kings
2. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta (1215)
was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
limit the power of King John
install Oliver Cromwell as dictator
justify the Glorious Revolution
charter the British East India Company
3. The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the
English Bill of Rights led the English government
to develop a political system in which
1.
2.
3.
4.
Glorious Revolution
-a bloodless overthrow of King James II by
William and Mary
-results in a constitutional monarchy
rulers were responsible to the people
religious authorities controlled the
lawmaking process
the power of the monarch came from God
the individual was denied a trial by jury
1. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and the
Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in
English history because they resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
creating alliances with France
defeating Protestant nobles
limiting the power of the monarchy
annexing territory



Parliament offered the throne to King
William and Queen Mary.
Catholic King James II fled England for
France.
Parliament agreed to joint rule with the
monarch.
2. These events are most closely associated with
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crusades
French Revolution
Glorious Revolution
Reconquista
3. What was a major result of the Glorious
Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
John Locke
-Life, liberty, and property
-Philosopher
-Ideas support the French Revolution,
American Revolution, and Latin American
Revolutions
Napoleon was restored to power.
England further limited its monarchy.
Oliver Cromwell became the leader of
England.
The Spanish Armada was defeated.
1. The idea that all people are born with the natural
rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly
associated with the writings of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Baron de Montesquieu
Thomas Hobbes
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
John Locke
2. Which individual suggested the idea that if a
government fails to protect its people’s natural
rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have
the right to overthrow it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Karl Marx
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolò Machiavelli
3. Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two
Treatises of Government?
1.
2.
3.
4.
French Revolution
-Causes: people in the 3rd estate wanted
more power, they were hungry and angry
-Reign of Terror, radical, Robespierre
A government’s power comes from the
consent of the people.
Predestination will determine who will go
to heaven.
Famine, disease, and conflict are natural
checks on population growth.
The have-nots will rise up and overthrow
the government of the haves.
1. One way in which Robespierre and Louis XVI
of France are similar is that both
Effects: Nationalist movements in Latin
America
1.
2.
3.
4.
were removed from power during the
French Revolution
adopted ideas of the Congress of Vienna
implemented policies of religious
tolerance
decreased government control of the
economy
2. Which issue was a cause of the French
Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
ineffective rule of Napoleon Bonaparte
nationalization of the Church
outrage over the use of the guillotine by
the Committee of Public Safety
demand of the Third Estate for more
political power
3. Before the French Revolution, the people of
France were divided into three estates based
mainly on their
1.
2.
3.
4.
Congress of Vienna
-puts Europe back to the way it was before
Napoleon took over
-put monarchs back in power
education level
geographic region
social class
religious beliefs
1. One of the main purposes of the Congress of
Vienna (1814–1815) was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
promote the unification of Italy
preserve the German territories gained by
Otto von Bismarck
restore the power of the Holy Roman
Empire
establish a balance of power in Europe
after the defeat of Napoleon
2. One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
establish a new balance of power in
Europe
protect Europe from Ottoman advances
end abuses within the Catholic Church
redraw the boundaries of Africa
3. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the
governments of Europe reacted to the French
Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Louis XIV
-Monarch who built the Palaces of
Versailles and bankrupted France
restore old regimes to power
spread the idea of democracy
encourage nationalist movements
promote the European free-trade zone
1. Which person is credited with saying “L’état,
c’est moi” (I am the state)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Louis XIV
John Locke
Karl Marx
Queen Isabella
2. Louis XIV and Peter the Great would most
likely agree with the expression
1.
2.
3.
4.
“government should leave businesses
alone”
“countries should settle differences
without war”
“do not question government authority”
“all men are created with natural rights”
3. A common goal of Philip II of Spain and Louis
XIV of France was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Napoleon
-leader who unified France after the French
Revolution (nationalism)
-Led a large land empire
spread Calvinism
promote political revolutions
maintain absolute power
isolate their nations
1. What was one factor that caused Napoleon’s
invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of Russia
to be unsuccessful?
1.
2.
3.
4.
poorly trained military forces
a lack of alliances
harsh winter climate
mountainous terrain
2. One way in which the Justinian Code and the
Napoleonic Code are similar is that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
made slavery unacceptable
gave people a set of rules to follow
treated all equally under the law
provided for religious freedom
3. One major effect of Napoleon’s rule of France
was that it led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Simon Bolivar
-Nationalist leader who led the
independence movements in Latin
America
an increase in the power of the Roman
Catholic Church
massive emigration to the Americas
trade agreements with Great Britain
a restoration of political stability
1. One similarity in the actions of Simón Bolívar
and Napoleon Bonaparte is that both leaders
1.
2.
3.
4.
encouraged nationalism
relied on diplomatic negotiations
established a representative form of
government
rebelled against imperialism
2. Simón Bolívar, Toussaint L’Ouverture, and José
de San Martín are all associated with revolutions
in
1.
2.
3.
4.
Africa
Europe
South Asia
Latin America
3. The Andes Mountains and the Amazon River
basin affected Simón Bolívar’s efforts to bring
about
1.
2.
3.
4.
Laissez-Faire
-”hands off”
-government should have little to no
control over the economics of their country
Economic imperialism
Political unification
Religious solidarity
Technological improvements
1. Adam Smith would most likely agree with
which statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Revolution is the only solution to
economic problems.
Five-year plans are necessary in order to
industrialize.
All nations would benefit from an
agricultural economy.
Government should follow a laissez-faire
policy.
2. Which statement represents a central idea of
laissez-faire economics?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Class struggles are based on inequities.
Workers should form unions to better
their conditions.
Prices are best determined by supply and
demand.
The government should own all means of
production.
3. Adam Smith’s laissez-faire theories are most
closely associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Communism
-economic system in which everyone is
paid the same and everyone is treated the
same
-no incentives
-no private ownership
-no competition
the separation of church and state
minimal government regulation of the
economy
a command economy
high tariffs to protect domestic
businesses
1. In which economic system does the government
make most major decisions about what to produce,
how much to produce, and for whom the goods
and services will be produced?
1.
2.
3.
traditional
mixed
command
4.
market
2. Capitalism is to private ownership as
communism is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
supply and demand
laissez-faire
state control
self-determination
3. Under communism in the former Soviet Union,
people were required to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Socialism
-a political and economic theory that states
that the means of production, distribution,
and exchange should be owned or
regulated by the community as a whole
reject modern technology
limit the size of their families
honor their ancestors and religious
traditions
put the interests of the state before
individual gain
"…The Communist party of the Soviet Union has
been and remains a natural and inalienable part of
social forces. Their cooperation will make it
possible to attain the ultimate goal of Perestroika:
to renew our society within the framework of the
socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a
humane democratic socialism…."
1. Which leader would most likely have made this
statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Industrial Revolution
-change in how goods are made, from
goods being made by hand to goods being
made in factories
-leads to urbanization
-leads to pollution
-increase in population
Kwame Nkrumah
Mohandas Gandhi
Benito Mussolini
Mikhail Gorbachev
1. During the Industrial Revolution, which
development resulted from the other three?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Factory conditions affected people’s
health.
Labor unions were formed.
Unskilled laborers received low wages.
Machinery replaced workers.
2. In the late 1700s, the Industrial Revolution
developed in Britain because Britain
1.
2.
3.
4.
possessed key factors of production
excluded foreign investors
suppressed the enclosure movement
required a minimum wage be paid to
workers
3. One way in which the Industrial Revolution in
Great Britain in the 18th century and the potato
blight in Ireland in the 19th century are similar is
that they both led directly to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Karl Marx
-father of communism
-wrote the Communist Manifesto to lay out
the basics for communism
-inspires: Josef Stalin and Mao Zedong
significant human migrations
more equitable distribution of wealth
growth in the number of subsistence
farmers
rapid increases in food production
1. A key idea in the Communist Manifesto by Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should
support the
1.
2.
3.
4.
overthrow of the capitalist system
establishment of labor unions
legislative regulation of wages and
working conditions
technological changes in production
methods
2. What is a major belief associated with
Marxism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The proletariat would rise up and
overthrow the bourgeoisie.
Religion should be more important than
political forces.
Private ownership of property should be
expanded.
Peasants would gain control of overseas
markets.
3. Which written work criticized the capitalist
system during the Industrial Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Imperialism
-when a stronger country takes over a
weaker country
-Stronger countries need new materials and
new markets
Ex: Great Britain taking over India
Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels
“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard
Kipling
The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
1. The poem “White Man’s Burden” is most
directly associated with the concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
neutrality
appeasement
reparations
imperialism
2. Which geographic characteristic of Japan most
influenced its decision to engage in imperialism in
the early to mid-20th century?
1.
2.
3.
4.
mountainous terrain
lack of natural resources
abundance of rivers
island location
3. One major reason European countries engaged
in imperialism in the late 19th century was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Meiji Restoration
-modernization of Japan after they were
imperialized by other countries
gain a better understanding of unknown
territories
ease tensions with their rivals
develop treatments for diseases
obtain markets for their manufactured
goods
1. Which action did Japan take during the Meiji
Restoration?
1.
2.
3.
4.
established a social system to benefit the
samurai
sent experts to learn from modern
Western nations
allowed communist ideas to dominate its
government
started an ambitious program to expel
foreign manufacturers
2. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan
rapidly industrialized. During which period did
this change take place?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heian Court
Song dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Meiji Restoration
3. Which action in Japanese history occurred
during the Meiji Restoration?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Berlin Conference
-Meeting at which European countries
divided up Africa without African consent
Japan modernized its economy.
Mongols invaded the islands of Japan.
The Japanese government adopted an
isolationist policy.
Buddhism became the official religion of
Japan.
1. Some of the ethnic strife in Africa today can be
traced back to the European division of Africa
resulting from the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Congress of Vienna
Berlin Conference
Yalta Conference
2. The Berlin Conference is most closely
associated with the colonization of
1.
2.
3.
4.
South Asia
East Asia
Latin America
Africa
3. Which situation was a result of the 1884 Berlin
Conference?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treaty of Versailles
-Ended WWI and put harsh restrictions on
Germany
-Germany was blamed for the loss of WWI
-Germany had to pay reparations
-Germany had to give up territories
-Germany had to limit their army
Africa was divided without regard to
ethnic groups.
Monarchies were restored throughout
Europe.
The slave trade with South America was
eliminated.
The League of Nations was formed.
1. Which agreement was labeled by the Nazis as
unfair to Germany?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treaty of Versailles
Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Munich Pact
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2. Many historians believe that the harsh terms
found in the Treaty of Versailles helped lead to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Italy’s unification
Turkey’s modernization
revolutions in Russia
World War II
3. The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans
after World War I because the treaty
1.
2.
3.
4.
Appeasement
-giving in to a country or region to try to
keep the peace
divided Germany into Communist and
non-Communist zones
made Germany restore its emperor
required all German-speaking Europeans
to return to Germany
forced Germany to pay large war
reparations
“The belief that security can be won by throwing a
small state to the wolves is a fatal mistake.”
– Winston Churchill
1. Which foreign policy is criticized by this
quotation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
containment
détente
glasnost
appeasement
2. Which event caused the policy of appeasement
to be viewed as a failure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
creation of the League of Nations (1919)
forced famine in Ukraine (1932)
invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939)
atomic bombing of Hiroshima (1945)
3. Before September 1939, the European response
to Hitler’s actions included
1.
2.
3.
4.
League of Nations
-International organization that was created
at the end of WWI to try to keep peace
-Was unsuccessful because the US did not
join and the organization was not backed
by an army
following a policy of appeasement
blockading the coast of Germany
forcing Germany to sign the Versailles
Treaty
creating alliances under the United
Nations Charter
1. One reason for the outbreak of World War II
was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
growing tension between the United
States and the Soviet Union
conflict between the Hapsburg and the
Romanov families
refusal of the German government to sign
the Treaty of Versailles
2. One major reason the League of Nations failed
was that it
1.
2.
3.
4.
was not included in the Versailles Treaty
was controlled by communist Russia
frightened many nations with its large
military force
lacked the support of many of the major
world powers during crises
3. “Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia” (1935)
“Germany Takes the Rhineland Back” (1936)
“Germany and Russia Divide Poland” (1939)
These headlines might be used to illustrate the
weakness of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Josef Stalin
-Communist leader of the Soviet Union
(USSR) after Vladimir Lenin
United Nations
Congress of Vienna
Warsaw Pact
League of Nations
1. The primary purpose of Joseph Stalin’s fiveyear plans was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
increase agricultural and industrial output
limit the wealth of the upper class
increase the production of consumer
goods
limit immigration of ethnic minorities
2. Which condition was a result of Joseph Stalin’s
command economy?
1.
2.
3.
Peasants were encouraged to sell surplus
grain for personal profit.
The production of consumer goods
increased.
National revenue increased allowing for
greater individual spending.
4.
The government controlled agriculture
through collective farms
3. Which goal did Joseph Stalin establish for the
Soviet Union?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fascism
-an authoritarian ruler who rules through
terror, censorship and extreme racism
becoming an industrial power
creating a golden age of culture
instituting a parliamentary monarchy
easing tensions using détente
1. After World War I, the rise of Benito Mussolini
in Italy and the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany are
most closely associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
the development of fascism
the desire for containment
an emphasis on democratic traditions
a return to conservative religious
practices
2. Extreme nationalism, individuals existing for
the good of the state, and unquestioning loyalty to
the leader are the defining characteristics of
1.
2.
3.
4.
fascism
liberalism
democracy
theocracy
3. What was a key cause for the rise of fascism in
nations such as Italy and Germany?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adolf Hitler
-Fascist dictator of Germany during WWII
-leads the Holocaust
collectivization
economic hardship
genocide
secret treaties
1. What was one factor that caused Napoleon’s
invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of Russia
to be unsuccessful?
1.
2.
3.
4.
poorly trained military forces
a lack of alliances
harsh winter climate
mountainous terrain
2. Which term is often used to describe the actions
of Adolf Hitler in Germany and Pol Pot in
Cambodia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
nonalignment
neocolonialism
scorched-earth policy
genocide
3. Which action illustrates the concept of
genocide?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cold War
- War of ideologies between the US
(capitalism) and the USSR (communism)
the British negotiating peace with Adolf
Hitler during the 1938 Munich
Conference
Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signing a
non-aggression pact in 1939
the Nazi armies eliminating the Jews and
other groups as part of Adolf Hitler’s
Final Solution
German generals plotting against Adolf
Hitler
1. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the
reunification of Germany in 1990 are events that
symbolize the
1.
2.
3.
4.
end of the Cold War Era
end of democracy in Germany
fall of Nazi power in Germany
increased influence of the Warsaw Pact
2. Which heading best completes the partial
outline below?
I. _________________________________
A. Korea remains divided at the 38th
parallel.
B. East and West Berlin are split by a
wall.
C. Strategic arms limitation talks begin.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Emerging Nations of the World
Results of the Cold War
Economic Benefits of World War II
Ethnic Conflicts in the World
3. The term iron curtain refers to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
NATO
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Set up by the US as an alliance against the
USSR
scars left on the land by the trenches of
World War I
no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the
Persian Gulf War
border established between India and
Pakistan after World War II
western boundary of Soviet domination in
Europe during the Cold War
1. The Soviet Union’s response to the formation of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
was to create the
1.
2.
Marshall Plan
Warsaw Pact
3.
4.
Truman Doctrine
European Union
2. The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States
responses to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
threat of the Nazis in the 1930s
fear of economic depression after World
War I
concern about the partition of India in
1947
communist threat after World War II
3. What was a major reason for the formation of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in
1949?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Containment
Marshall Plan
-American idea that communism needs to
be contained (similar to a disease) in the
areas that it already existed and no further
-American program to give financial
(money) aid to countries throughout the
world fighting communism (supports
containment)
to control European trade
to resist Soviet aggression
to support the blockade of Berlin
to strengthen communist governments
1. The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and
the Marshall Plan was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
support the construction of the Iron
Curtain
increase membership in the United
Nations
prevent the spread of communism
attempt to solve world hunger
2. The use of the Marshall Plan in Western
Europe after World War II strengthened the forces
of
1.
2.
3.
4.
democracy
communism
isolationism
autocracy
3. The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the
spread of communism by providing
1.
2.
3.
4.
Non-alignment
-The idea that some countries would not
align to American or Soviet ideas during
the Cold War
government housing to refugees
military assistance to Vietnam
funds for economic recovery in war-torn
European nations
nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) members
1. During the Cold War, India’s decision to
support neither the United States nor the Soviet
Union was based on its policy of
1.
2.
3.
4.
nonalignment
isolationism
containment
separatism
2. During the Cold War, nations that adopted a
policy of nonalignment believed they should
1.
2.
3.
4.
United Nations
-Group created to try to maintain peace
after WWII
be exempt from United Nations decisions
restrict trade with neighboring countries
reject international environmental treaties
follow a course independent of the
superpowers
1. The United Nations was created primarily to
1.
2.
3.
4.
prosecute persons accused of war crimes
contain the spread of communism
channel relief aid to war-torn nations
provide a means of solving international
problems
2. Which has been a crucial issue facing the United
Nations in recent years?
1.
2.
3.
4.
illegal immigration into Eastern Europe
economic development of poor nations
air traffic control disputes
disintegration of military alliances
3. Which is the main reason why the United
Nations has frequently not been able to solve
international disputes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mikhail Gorbachev
-Leader of the USSR in the late 1980’s
who brought more capitalist reforms to the
USSR
-created the programs: glasnost and
perestroika
There are too many members.
It has little money with which to work.
The most powerful nations do not belong.
The most powerful nations often disagree.
1. Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the policies
of glasnost and perestroika to
1.
2.
3.
4.
reinforce the basic economic principles of
communism
bring the Soviet Union into the European
Economic Community
reform the Soviet Union politically and
economically
gain acceptance for free political
elections
2. One way in which Vladimir Lenin’s New
Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy
of perestroika are similar is that both
1.
2.
allowed elements of capitalism within a
communist economic system
strengthened their country’s military
defenses
3.
4.
supported censorship of news and of
personal correspondence
increased tensions during the Cold War
3. In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev’s attempts to
change the Soviet Union resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fidel Castro
-communist leader of Cuba
an increase in tensions between India and
the Soviet Union
a strengthening of the Communist Party
a shift from producing consumer goods to
producing heavy machinery
a series of economic and political reforms
1. One reason Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, and
Fidel Castro rose to power was that these leaders
1.
2.
3.
4.
promoted capitalism and democracy
gained the support of the peasants
represented the interests of rich
landowners
wanted their countries to stress religious
values
2. One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel
Castro is that they
1.
2.
3.
4.
Caste System
-Hindu based social hierarchy
-Strict with no social mobility
-Untouchables are the lowest caste
achieved their goals through the use of
peaceful resistance
worked to protect citizens’ rights to
freedom of expression
considered capitalism to be the best
economic system
led revolutionary movements that
established Communist governments
1. One way in which apartheid in South Africa and
the caste system in India are similar is that both
systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
allowed for educational opportunities
determined roles based on gender
revolved around central religious beliefs
enforced different sets of rules for distinct
groups of people
2. “When I go to the office, I put on my shirt and I
take off my caste; when I come home, I take off
my shirt and I put on my caste.”
What is the main idea of this quotation?
1.
2.
3.
The caste system continues to influence
Indian society.
The caste system has been rejected by
most Indians.
Successful urban workers in India belong
to the same caste.
4.
The Indian Government officially
supports the caste system
3. The caste system in India and apartheid in the
Republic of South Africa were similar in that they
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mohandas Gandhi
-nationalist leader in India who leads the
independence movement from Great
Britain
-believed in civil disobedience
-led the Homespun Movement and Salt
March
reflect democratic ideals
promote discrimination
encourage social mobility
provide economic equality
1. Which description best fits the Salt March
conducted by Mohandas Gandhi?
1.
2.
3.
4.
an act of civil disobedience against the
British
a statement of support for dividing India
a protest against the Sepoy Mutiny
a rally for the British during World War
II
2. The purpose of Mohandas Gandhi’s actions
such as the Salt March and the textile boycott was
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
begin a cycle of armed revolution
draw attention to critical issues
increase the strength of the military
resist the power of religious leaders
3. Which leader is most closely associated with the
use of civil disobedience in a struggle to end
colonial rule?
Boxer Rebellion
-movement to end foreign influence in
China
-it was unsuccessful
1.
2.
3.
4.
Momar Khadafi
Saddam Hussein
Ho Chi Minh
Mohandas Gandhi



Opium War (1839–1842)
Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)
Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901)
1. This series of events is most closely associated
with the
1.
2.
3.
4.
spread of communism to China and
Korea
growing concerns about the influence of
the West in China
alliance formed between Vietnam and
China
increasing expansion of civil and political
rights in China
2. A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the
Boxer Rebellion was to
1.
remove foreign influences
2.
3.
4.
restore parliamentary government
improve access to civil service
examinations
outlaw caste systems
3. A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the
Boxer Rebellion was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ho Chi Minh
-Communist (Nationalist) dictator in North
Vietnam
-After the US leave Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh
will take over the entire country
remove foreign influences
restore parliamentary government
improve access to civil service
examinations
outlaw caste systems
1. The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel
Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by
the writings of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Confucius (K'ung-fu-tzu)
Mohandas Gandhi
Desmond Tutu
Karl Marx
2. One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture,
Kwame Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is
that each leader
1.
2.
3.
4.
Deng Xiaoping
-Communist leader of China who
introduced some elements of capitalism
into the economic system in China
opposed the role of the Roman Catholic
Church in politics
established the first democratic
government in his country
fought to free his country from European
control
embraced the principles of civil
disobedience
1. Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms in China
differed from the previous economic policies of
Mao Zedong in that Deng’s reforms
1.
2.
3.
4.
discouraged private ownership of
businesses
promote further collectivization
include elements of capitalism
decrease trade with the United States
2. Which action was taken by Deng Xiaoping to
improve the economy of China?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mao Zedong
-Communist leader of China who created
the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural
Revolution
discouraging foreign investment
encouraging some capitalist practices
organizing the Red Guard
practicing glasnost
1. The difficult, year-long journey made by Mao
Zedong and his Communist followers in 1934
through China’s mountains, marshes, and rivers
was called the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cultural Revolution
Great Leap Forward
Boxer Rebellion
Long March
2. In China, the terms Long March, Little Red
Book, and Great Leap Forward are most closely
associated with the
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic policies of the Kuomintang
expulsion of foreigners during the Boxer
Rebellion
foreign policy under Deng Xiaoping
leadership of Mao Zedong
3. During its climb to power in the 1930s and
1940s, the Chinese Communist Party under Mao
Zedong developed a strategy that focused on
1.
2.
3.
4.
Apartheid
-segregation of the black majority from the
white majority in South Africa
taking over cities
building peasant support
sponsoring nonviolent protests
strengthening traditional Confucian
values
1. F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela received
the Nobel Peace Prize for their work to end the
1.
2.
3.
4.
foreign control of the diamond mines
discriminatory policy of apartheid
anarchy in Somalia
Boer War
2. Which situation existed under the policy of
apartheid in South Africa?
1.
2.
3.
4.
All people were guaranteed suffrage.
The black majority held the most political
power.
Society was controlled by the white
minority.
Social inequality was eliminated.
3. The South African government’s policy of racial
separation between 1948 and 1994 was called
1.
2.
3.
4.
Jomo Kenyatta
-Nationalist leader in Kenya who helped
lead them to independence
Pan-Africanism
democratization
apartheid
suffrage
1. Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were leaders
of movements that were attempting to achieve
1.
2.
3.
4.
nuclear disarmament
self-determination
pan-Africanism
collective security
2. One way in which Simón Bolívar, Jomo
Kenyatta, and Mohandas Gandhi are similar is that
each
1.
2.
3.
4.
led a nationalist movement
used nonviolent tactics
supported imperialism
opposed communism
3. Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah were
African leaders opposed to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nelson Mandela
-Nationalist leader in South Africa that
helped to end apartheid in South Africa
militarism
socialism
nationalism
colonialism
1. The organization of campaigns in South Africa
against the policy of racial separation and
segregation are most closely associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Jomo Kenyatta
Cecil Rhodes
Nelson Mandela
Kwame Nkrumah
2. Nelson Mandela and Aung San Suu Kyi are
closely associated with movements to
1.
2.
3.
4.
establish theocratic rule
guarantee rights and liberties
introduce socialistic economic principles
support military juntas
3. One way in which Aung San Suu Kyi, Lech
Walesa, and Nelson Mandela are similar is that
they all
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kemal Atatürk
-Nationalist leader of modern day Turkey
who led their independence from the
Ottoman Empire
supported the use of violence to achieve
goals
inspired revolutions against autocratic
monarchs
led movements to end oppression of their
people
based their actions on the teachings of
Karl Marx
1. One way in which Kemal Ataturk of Turkey and
Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran are similar is that both
leaders
1.
2.
3.
4.
implemented programs to modernize their
nations
supported increased rights for ethnic
minorities
adopted policies of nonalignment
established theocracies based on Islam
2. The Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Ataturk,
David Ben-Gurion, and Yasir Arafat are best
known for their support of
1.
2.
3.
4.
nationalism
fascism
colonialism
communism
3. One way in which the Middle Eastern leaders
Kemal Ataturk, Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Gamal
Nasser were similar is that they all
1.
2.
3.
4.
Green Revolution
-increase in technology that contributes to
improvements in agriculture
tried to achieve Arab unity
founded the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC)
attempted to modernize their nations
demanded the establishment of Islamic
fundamentalism
1. The 20th-century term Green Revolution refers
to significant advancements made in the field of
1.
2.
3.
4.
electronic communication
food production
zero population growth
biological warfare
2. The term Green Revolution refers to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Irish Potato Famine
-causes mass migration
an overthrow of the government by
radical parties
increased agricultural production based
on technological advancements
a drastic change in the environment based
on global warming
decreased food production caused by
terrorism
1. What was an immediate result of the mass
starvation in Ireland in the late 1840s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
expansion of the Green Revolution to
Ireland
acceptance of British rule by the Irish
migration of many Irish to other countries
creation of a mixed economy in Ireland