Download Topic 21: Animal Kingdom - University of Maine System

SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 1
Topic #21
The Animal Kingdom
(Campbell and Reece p 654-665, 666-673, 677-692, 693-694, 697-700, 704-733
I.
II.
Objectives
A.
Describe basic groupings of animals
B.
Highlight important evolutionary adaptations
Animal characteristics.
A.
Structure.
1.
Eucaryotic.
2.
Multicellular.
3.
Tissues
a)
Found in early embryo stage
b)
Body Cavity
c)
Unique Tissues.
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III.
B.
Energy Utilization.
C.
Reproduction.
Lines of evolution.
A. No symmetry - sponges.
B.
C.
IV.
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Radial symetry - Cnidaria
A.
Examples:
B.
Structure.
C.
Energy utilization.
D.
Reproduction.
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V.
Bilateral Symmetry - 3 major evolutionary lineages.
A.
B.
VI.
Invertebrates
1.
Lophotrochozoa
2.
Ecdysozoa.
Deuterostomia.
Lophotrochozoans – without body cavities.
A.
Flatworms, tapeworms.
B.
Structure.
C.
Energy utilization.
D.
Reproduction.
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VII.
Lophotrochozoans – with body cavities.
A. Molluscs
B.
VIII.
1.
Examples.
2.
Structure: Four body parts.
Annelids.
1.
Examples:
2.
Structure - Segmentation.
3.
Energy utilization:
Ecdysozoans with partial body cavities - Nematodes.
A.
Structure:
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IX.
B.
Energy utilization.
C.
More closely related to Arthropods than other Protostomes
Ecdysozoans with complete body cavities – Arthropods.
A.
Largest phylum - 2 of 3 organisms.
B.
Structure.
C.
1.
Body regions and segments.
2.
Exoskeleton.
3.
Muscles and legs (Fig 50-32)
Energy utilization.
1.
Circulatory system.
a)
Open. (Fig. 42-3)
b)
2.
Gas exchange system.
a)
Gills for aquatics (Fig 42-21)
b)
Tracheal for insects (Fig 42-23)
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3.
Digestion and excretory systems (Fig. 44-13)
4.
Nervous/sensory system (Fig. 49-2)
D.
Arachnids.
E.
Myriapods.
F.
Crustaceans.
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G.
Insects.
1.
Most diverse animal group.
2.
Adults restricted to land.
3.
Structure: Three body regions
4.
Energy utilization: have complete systems.
5.
Reproduction.
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6.
X.
XI.
Summary - Adaptations to land.
Deuterostomes - Echinoderms
A.
Oceans.
B.
Structure.
Deuterostomes – Chordates - Vertebrates.
A.
Characteristics.
1.
Structure.
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2.
Energy utilization:
a)
Closed circulatory system.
(i)
3.
Chambered heart (Fig 42-4,5)
Widest range of body mass
B.
Fishes.
C.
Amphibians – Adaptations to land.
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D.
E.
Reptiles.
1.
Structure.
2.
Energy utilization.
3.
Reproduction.
Birds.
1.
Structure.
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2.
F.
Energy utilization.
Mammals.
1.
Convergent evolution.
2.
Hair.
3.
Better breathing, legs, teeth, and brain.
4.
Reproduction.
5.
Examples
SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 12
XII.
Key Terms.
eucaryotic
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Coelom
Heterotrophic
ingestion
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Cnidaria
Nerve net
Mouth
Gastrovascular cavity
Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
Deuterostomia
Flatworms
Ganglion
complete digestive track
Excretory system
Internal fertilization
Molluscs
Visceral mass
Mantle
Annelids
Segmentation
Closed circulatory system
Arthropods
Mouthparts
Thorax
Abdomen
Exoskeleton
Chitin
Cuticle
Molts
Tracheal
Ventral nerve cord
Arachnids
Cephalothorax
Myriapods
Millipedes
Centipedes
Insects
Malpighian tubules
uric acid
Nymphs
Larvae
metamorphosis
Echinoderms
Chordates
Vertebrates
Internal skeleton
Backbone
vertebrae
Cranium
Jaws
Chambered heart
Fishes
Paired appendages
Legs
Ectothermic
Amniotic egg
Birds
endothermic
Mammals
Convergent evolution
Placental
Lagomorphs
Rodents
Primates
Carnivors
Artiodactyls
Cetacians